Pochron Sharon T, Fiorenza Andrew, Sperl Cassandra, Ledda Brianne, Lawrence Patterson Charles, Tucker Clara C, Tucker Wade, Ho Yuwan Lisa, Panico Nicholas
Sustainability Studies Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3435, USA.
Sustainability Studies Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3435, USA.
Chemosphere. 2017 Apr;173:557-562. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.091. Epub 2017 Jan 21.
Municipalities have been replacing grass fields with artificial turf, which uses crumb rubber infill made from recycled tires. Crumb rubber contains hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and heavy metals. Water runoff from crumb rubber fields contains heavy metals. These components can damage the environment. We contaminated topsoil with new crumb rubber and measured its impact on earthworms and soil microbes. Specifically, we compared soil microbe activity and earthworm health, survivorship, and longevity in heat and light stress under two soil regimes: clean topsoil and clean topsoil contaminated with crumb rubber. We then characterized levels of metals, nutrients, and micronutrients of both soil treatments and compared those to published New York soil background levels and to levels set by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) as remediation goals. We found that: 1) contaminated soil did not inhibit microbial respiration rates, 2) earthworm survivorship was not impacted by exposure to contaminated soil, 3) earthworms' ability to cope with heat and light stress remained unchanged after living in contaminated soil, but 4) earthworms living in contaminated soil gained 14% less body weight than did earthworms living in uncontaminated soil. We also found that, with the exception of zinc, heavy metals in our contaminated soil did not exceed the background levels found throughout New York State or the remediation targets set by the DEC.
各市政当局一直在用人造草皮取代草地，人造草皮使用由回收轮胎制成的碎橡胶填充物。碎橡胶含有碳氢化合物、有机化合物和重金属。来自碎橡胶场地的径流含有重金属。这些成分会破坏环境。我们用新的碎橡胶污染了表土，并测量了其对蚯蚓和土壤微生物的影响。具体而言，我们比较了在两种土壤条件下（清洁表土和被碎橡胶污染的清洁表土），热应激和光应激下土壤微生物活性以及蚯蚓的健康状况、存活率和寿命。然后，我们对两种土壤处理中的金属、养分和微量营养素水平进行了表征，并将其与已公布的纽约土壤背景水平以及纽约州环境保护部（DEC）设定的修复目标水平进行了比较。我们发现：1）受污染的土壤并未抑制微生物呼吸速率；2）蚯蚓的存活率不受接触受污染土壤的影响；3）蚯蚓在受污染土壤中生活后，应对热应激和光应激的能力保持不变，但4）生活在受污染土壤中的蚯蚓体重比生活在未受污染土壤中的蚯蚓轻14%。我们还发现，除了锌之外，我们受污染土壤中的重金属含量并未超过整个纽约州的背景水平或DEC设定的修复目标。
