Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Local Office of Aosta, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Corso Padre Lorenzo, 18, 11100, Aosta, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jan;25(2):1448-1459. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0377-4. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
The chemical and morphological characteristics of materials released under chemical and physical stress by different rubber granulates used as infill materials in synthetic turf (recycled scrap tires, natural rubber, and a new-generation thermoplastic elastomer) were compared.The headspace solid-phase micro-extraction GC-MS analysis evidenced that at 70 °C natural rubber and thermoplastic elastomer release amounts of organic species much higher than recycled scrap tires. In particular, the desorption of mineral oils, with a prevalence of toxicologically relevant low-viscosity alkanes in the range C17-C22, and plasticizers (diisobutyl phthalate) was clearly evidenced. The new-generation thermoplastic elastomer material also releases butylated hydroxytoluene.In slightly acidic conditions, quite high amounts of bio-accessible Zn, Cu, and Co are released from recycled scrap tires, while natural rubber releases mainly Se and Tl. In contrast, the thermoplastic elastomer does not contain significant concentrations of leachable heavy metals.The formation of small particles, also in the inhalable fraction, was evidenced by electron microscopy after mechanical or thermal treatment of natural rubber.
比较了不同橡胶颗粒（再生废轮胎、天然橡胶和新一代热塑性弹性体）作为合成草皮填充材料在化学和物理应力下释放的材料的化学和形态特征。顶空固相微萃取 GC-MS 分析表明，在 70°C 下，天然橡胶和热塑性弹性体释放的有机物质数量远高于再生废轮胎。特别是矿物油的解吸，具有毒理学相关的低粘度正构烷烃 C17-C22 范围和增塑剂（邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯）的优势。新一代热塑性弹性体材料也释放丁基化羟基甲苯。在微酸性条件下，再生废轮胎中释放出相当大量的生物可利用的 Zn、Cu 和 Co，而天然橡胶主要释放 Se 和 Tl。相比之下，热塑性弹性体不含可浸出重金属的显著浓度。电子显微镜显示，经过机械或热处理后，天然橡胶形成了小颗粒，也在可吸入部分。
