Integrated Atmospheric Solutions, LLC., Cary, NC, USA.
Pancras Consulting, Cary, NC, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Apr 15;584-585:105-117. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.110. Epub 2017 Jan 29.
An ambient air particulate matter sampling study was conducted at the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA) AMS-1 Fort McKay monitoring station in the Athabasca Oil Sand Region (AOSR) in Alberta, Canada from February 2010 to July 2011. Daily 24h integrated fine (PM) and coarse (PM) particulate matter was collected using a sequential dichotomous sampler. Over the duration of the study, 392 valid daily dichotomous PM and PM sample pairs were collected with concentrations of 6.8±12.9μgm (mean±standard deviation) and 6.9±5.9μgm, respectively. A subset of 100 filter pairs was selected for element analysis by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Application of the U.S. EPA positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model to the study data matrix resolved five PM sources explaining 96% of the mass including oil sands upgrading (32%), fugitive dust (26%), biomass combustion (25%), long-range Asian transport lead source (9%), and winter road salt (4%). An analysis of historical PM data at this site shows that the impact of smoke from wildland fires was particularly high during the summer of 2011. PMF resolved six PM sources explaining 99% of the mass including fugitive haul road dust (40%), fugitive oil sand (27%), a mixed source fugitive dust (16%), biomass combustion (12%), mobile source (3%), and a local copper factor (1%). Results support the conclusion of a previous epiphytic lichen biomonitor study that near-field atmospheric deposition in the AOSR is dominated by coarse fraction fugitive dust from bitumen mining and upgrading operations, and suggest that fugitive dust abatement strategies targeting the three major sources of PM (e.g., oil sand mining, haul roads, bulk material stockpiles) would significantly reduce near-field atmospheric deposition gradients in the AOSR and reduce ambient PM concentrations in the Fort McKay community.
一项环境空气颗粒物采样研究于 2010 年 2 月至 2011 年 7 月在加拿大阿尔伯塔省阿萨巴斯卡油砂区的 Wood Buffalo Environmental Association（WBEA）AMS-1 Fort McKay 监测站进行。每天使用顺序二分采样器收集 24 小时综合细颗粒物（PM）和粗颗粒物（PM）。在研究期间，共收集了 392 对有效日二分 PM 和 PM 样本，浓度分别为 6.8±12.9μg/m（平均值±标准偏差）和 6.9±5.9μg/m。选择了 100 对滤膜进行元素分析，采用能量色散 X 射线荧光和动态反应池电感耦合等离子体质谱法。将美国环保署正向矩阵因子分解（PMF）受体模型应用于研究数据矩阵，解析了五个 PM 源，这些源解释了 96%的质量，包括油砂升级（32%）、扬尘（26%）、生物质燃烧（25%）、来自亚洲的长程传输铅源（9%）和冬季道路盐（4%）。对该地点历史 PM 数据的分析表明，2011 年夏季野火烟雾的影响尤其大。PMF 解析了六个 PM 源，这些源解释了 99%的质量，包括扬尘运输道路尘（40%）、扬尘油砂（27%）、混合扬尘源（16%）、生物质燃烧（12%）、移动源（3%）和当地铜源（1%）。结果支持先前一项附生地衣生物监测研究的结论，即阿萨巴斯卡油砂区近场大气沉降主要由沥青矿和升级作业的粗颗粒扬尘组成，并表明针对 PM 的三个主要源（例如，油砂矿、运输道路、散装物料堆存）采取扬尘减排策略将显著降低阿萨巴斯卡油砂区近场大气沉降梯度，并降低 Fort McKay 社区的环境 PM 浓度。
