Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Chem Rev. 2017 Mar 8;117(5):4182-4247. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00551. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Halogen chemistry plays a central role in the industrial manufacture of various important chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. It involves the reaction of halogens or halides with hydrocarbons, leading to intermediate compounds which are readily converted to valuable commodities. These transformations, predominantly mediated by heterogeneous catalysts, have long been successfully applied in the production of polymers. Recent discoveries of abundant conventional and unconventional natural gas reserves have revitalized strong interest in these processes as the most cost-effective gas-to-liquid technologies. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamental understanding and applied relevance of halogen chemistry in polymer industries (polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates) and in the activation of light hydrocarbons. The reactions of particular interest include halogenation and oxyhalogenation of alkanes and alkenes, dehydrogenation of alkanes, conversion of alkyl halides, and oxidation of hydrogen halides, with emphasis on the catalyst, reactor, and process design. Perspectives on the challenges and directions for future development in this exciting field are provided.
卤代烃化学在各种重要化学品、药物和聚合物的工业制造中起着核心作用。它涉及卤素或卤化物与碳氢化合物的反应，生成易于转化为有价值商品的中间化合物。这些转化主要通过多相催化剂介导，长期以来一直成功应用于聚合物的生产。最近发现丰富的常规和非常规天然气储量，使人们对这些工艺重新产生了浓厚的兴趣，因为这些工艺是最具成本效益的天然气制液体技术。本综述深入分析了卤代烃化学在聚合物工业（聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯）和轻烃活化中的基础理解和应用相关性。特别感兴趣的反应包括烷烃和烯烃的卤化和卤氧化、烷烃脱氢、烷基卤化物的转化以及氢卤化物的氧化，重点介绍催化剂、反应器和工艺设计。提供了对这个令人兴奋的领域未来发展挑战和方向的展望。
