Sekelsky Jeff
Department of Biology and Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
Genetics. 2017 Feb;205(2):471-490. doi: 10.1534/genetics.116.186759.
The numerous processes that damage DNA are counterbalanced by a complex network of repair pathways that, collectively, can mend diverse types of damage. Insights into these pathways have come from studies in many different organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster Indeed, the first ideas about chromosome and gene repair grew out of Drosophila research on the properties of mutations produced by ionizing radiation and mustard gas. Numerous methods have been developed to take advantage of Drosophila genetic tools to elucidate repair processes in whole animals, organs, tissues, and cells. These studies have led to the discovery of key DNA repair pathways, including synthesis-dependent strand annealing, and DNA polymerase theta-mediated end joining. Drosophila appear to utilize other major repair pathways as well, such as base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and interstrand crosslink repair. In a surprising number of cases, however, DNA repair genes whose products play important roles in these pathways in other organisms are missing from the Drosophila genome, raising interesting questions for continued investigations.
众多破坏DNA的过程被一个复杂的修复途径网络所平衡，这些途径共同作用能够修复多种类型的损伤。对这些途径的深入了解来自于对许多不同生物体的研究，包括黑腹果蝇。事实上，关于染色体和基因修复的最初想法源于果蝇对电离辐射和芥子气产生的突变特性的研究。人们已经开发出许多方法来利用果蝇的遗传工具，以阐明全动物、器官、组织和细胞中的修复过程。这些研究导致了关键DNA修复途径的发现，包括合成依赖的链退火以及DNA聚合酶θ介导的末端连接。果蝇似乎也利用其他主要的修复途径，如碱基切除修复、核苷酸切除修复、错配修复和链间交联修复。然而，在数量惊人的情况下，果蝇基因组中缺少在其他生物体的这些途径中其产物发挥重要作用的DNA修复基因，这为持续研究提出了有趣的问题。
