Horak Ivan G, Boshoff Christiaan R, Cooper David V, Foggin Christoper M, Govender Danny, Harrison Alan, Hausler Guy, Hofmeyr Markus, Kilian J Werner, MacFadyen Duncan N, Nel Pierre J, Peinke Dean, Squarre David, Zimmermann David
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2017 Jan 30;84(1):e1-e11. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1301.
The objectives of the study were to determine the species composition of ticks infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa as well as the conservation status of those tick species that prefer rhinos as hosts. Ticks were collected opportunistically from rhinos that had been immobilised for management purposes, and 447 white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) and 164 black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) were sampled in South Africa, 61 black rhinos in Namibia, 18 white and 12 black rhinos in Zimbabwe, and 24 black rhinos in Zambia. Nineteen tick species were recovered, of which two species, Amblyomma rhinocerotis and Dermacentor rhinocerinus, prefer rhinos as hosts. A. rhinocerotis was collected only in the northeastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves of South Africa and is endangered, while D. rhinocerinus is present in these reserves as well as in the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservancies. Eight of the tick species collected from the rhinos are ornate, and seven species are regularly collected from cattle. The species present on rhinos in the eastern, moister reserves of South Africa were amongst others Amblyomma hebraeum, A. rhinocerotis, D. rhinocerinus, Rhipicephalus maculatus, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus zumpti, while those on rhinos in the Karoo and the drier western regions, including Namibia, were the drought-tolerant species, Hyalomma glabrum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus gertrudae. The species composition of ticks on rhinoceroses in Zambia differed markedly from those of the other southern African countries in that Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma tholloni and Amblyomma variegatum accounted for the majority of infestations.
本研究的目的是确定在南部非洲寄生于白犀牛和黑犀牛身上的蜱类物种组成，以及那些偏好犀牛作为宿主的蜱类物种的保护状况。蜱是从因管理目的而被 immobilised 的犀牛身上 opportunistically 收集的，在南非对447头白犀牛（白犀属）和164头黑犀牛（黑犀属）进行了采样，在纳米比亚对61头黑犀牛进行了采样，在津巴布韦对18头白犀牛和12头黑犀牛进行了采样，在赞比亚对24头黑犀牛进行了采样。共发现19种蜱，其中有两种蜱，即犀角花蜱和犀角血蜱，偏好犀牛作为宿主。犀角花蜱仅在南非夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省东北部的保护区被收集到，且处于濒危状态，而犀角血蜱在这些保护区以及克鲁格国家公园和周边保护区均有发现。从犀牛身上收集到的蜱类中有8种具装饰性，7种经常从牛身上收集到。在南非东部较为湿润的保护区犀牛身上发现的物种包括希伯来花蜱、犀角花蜱、犀角血蜱、黄斑璃眼蜱、西门璃眼蜱和祖氏璃眼蜱等，而在卡鲁地区和包括纳米比亚在内的干旱西部地区犀牛身上的蜱则是耐旱物种，如光背璃眼蜱、红足璃眼蜱、截形璃眼蜱和格氏璃眼蜱。赞比亚犀牛身上的蜱类物种组成与其他南部非洲国家明显不同，稀疏花蜱、托氏花蜱和杂色斑蜱占感染的大多数。
