Fahlman Åsa, Edner Anna, Wenger Sandra, Foggin Chris, Nyman Görel
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2016 Dec 2;87(1):e1-e9. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v87i1.1328.
When immobilising wildlife, adverse side effects can include hypoxaemia, acidosis and hypertension. Pulmonary gas exchange and acid-base status were evaluated during immobilisation of 25 free-ranging and one boma-held black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe. The effect of different body positions on arterial oxygenation was evaluated. A combination of the following drugs was used: an opioid (etorphine or thiafentanil), azaperone and an a2 -adrenoceptor agonist (detomidine or xylazine). Respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and pulse oximetry-derived haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded. Serial arterial blood samples were analysed immediately in the field. Marked hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were recorded in immobilised free-ranging black rhinoceroses. Arterial oxygenation was higher during sternal compared to lateral recumbency. Most rhinoceroses developed acidaemia of respiratory and metabolic origin. Initially high lactate concentrations in free-ranging rhinoceroses decreased during immobilisation. Pulse oximetry was unreliable in the detection of hypoxaemia. Positioning in sternal recumbency and routine use of oxygen supplementation are recommended in the management of immobilised rhinoceroses as measures to improve arterial oxygenation.
在固定野生动物时，不良副作用可能包括低氧血症、酸中毒和高血压。在津巴布韦对25头自由放养的和1头圈养的黑犀牛（双角犀属）进行固定过程中，评估了肺气体交换和酸碱状态。评估了不同体位对动脉氧合的影响。使用了以下药物组合：一种阿片类药物（埃托啡或噻芬太尼）、阿扎哌隆和一种α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂（地托咪定或赛拉嗪）。记录了呼吸和心率、直肠温度以及脉搏血氧饱和度测定法得出的血红蛋白氧饱和度。在现场立即对系列动脉血样本进行分析。在固定的自由放养黑犀牛中记录到明显的低氧血症和高碳酸血症。与侧卧相比，胸骨卧位时动脉氧合更高。大多数犀牛出现了呼吸性和代谢性酸血症。自由放养犀牛最初较高的乳酸浓度在固定过程中有所下降。脉搏血氧饱和度测定法在检测低氧血症方面不可靠。在固定犀牛的管理中，建议采用胸骨卧位并常规补充氧气，作为改善动脉氧合的措施。
