Morkel P Vdb, Radcliffe R W, Jago M, du Preez P, Flaminio M J B F, Nydam D V, Taft A, Lain D, Miller M M, Gleed R D
Frankfurt Zoological Society, 42 Kinnersley Street, Newton Park 6045, South Africa.
J Wildl Dis. 2010 Jan;46(1):236-45. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.236.
Posture, ventilation, and acid-base balance using auricular venous blood values (pH, lactate, base excess [BE], HCO(3)(-), PO(2), SO(2), and PCO(2)), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO(2)), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO(2)) were compared between sternal (STE) and lateral (LAT) recumbency in free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis bicornis) receiving oxygen insufflation. Data are reported as median, minimum, and maximum (median [minimum, maximum]). Thirty-six desert-adapted black rhinoceros (20 male, 16 female; age 8 [1.5, 33] yr) were immobilized in Namibia in March and April of 2008, from a helicopter, by remote intramuscular injection with etorphine HCl, azaperone, and hyaluronidase. Time from darting to recumbency was 6.0 (3, 15.5) min. Data were organized into two sampling periods: sample period 1 (P1, collected within 0-20 min postdarting; 13 [6.5, 19] min) and sample period 2 (P2, collected between 20-40 min postdarting; 32 [22.3, 39] min). All animals were acidemic (pH 7.24 [7.07, 7.32]) and hypoxemic (PO(2) 51 [38, 95.2]; SO(2) 78 [64, 96] mmHg) after capture. Lactate at P1 was 7.2 (3.2, 16.8) mmol/l and decreased (P=0.01) to 4.6 (1.2, 10.9) mmol/l at P2. At P2, lactate was less (P=0.06) in LAT 3.5 (1.2, 8.6) mmol/l than in STE posture 7.4 (3.1, 10.9) mmol/l. In P2, PO(2), SO(2), and SpO(2) were higher (P=0.02, 0.10, and 0.01, respectively) in STE than in LAT. End-tidal carbon dioxide in LAT was 38 (26, 47) mmHg and increased (P<0.001) rapidly to 48 (37, 55) mmHg when animals were moved into STE; no corresponding change in PCO(2) was observed. These preliminary findings suggest that STE posture in recumbent black rhinoceros reduces dead-space ventilation and improves oxygenation. Lateral posture was associated with lower blood lactate, quicker lactate recovery, or both. It is possible that the posture of recumbent rhinoceros after capture affects lactate accumulation and clearance, or both, and procedures should consider positioning in order to enhance perfusion.
在接受氧气吹入的自由放养黑犀牛（双角犀属双角亚种）中，比较了仰卧位（STE）和侧卧位（LAT）时的姿势、通气及酸碱平衡，检测指标包括耳静脉血值（pH、乳酸、碱剩余[BE]、HCO₃⁻、PO₂、SO₂和PCO₂）、血红蛋白氧饱和度（SpO₂）和呼气末二氧化碳（PETCO₂）。数据以中位数、最小值和最大值（中位数[最小值,最大值]）表示。2008年3月和4月，在纳米比亚通过直升机对36头适应沙漠环境的黑犀牛（20头雄性，16头雌性；年龄8[1.5,33]岁）进行远程肌肉注射盐酸埃托啡、阿扎哌隆和透明质酸酶使其 immobilized。从注射到卧倒的时间为6.0（3,15.5）分钟。数据分为两个采样期：采样期1（P1，在注射后0 - 20分钟内采集；13[6.5,19]分钟）和采样期2（P2，在注射后20 - 40分钟内采集；32[22.3,39]分钟）。所有动物捕获后均为酸血症（pH 7.24[7.07,7.32]）和低氧血症（PO₂ 51[38,95.2]；SO₂ 78[64,96]mmHg）。P1时乳酸为7.2（3.2,16.8）mmol/l，P2时降低（P = 0.01）至4.6（1.2,10.9）mmol/l。在P2时，LAT时的乳酸（3.5[1.2,8.6]mmol/l）低于STE姿势时的乳酸（7.4[3.1,10.9]mmol/l）（P = 0.06）。在P2时，STE时的PO₂、SO₂和SpO₂高于LAT（分别为P = 0.02、0.10和0.01）。LAT时呼气末二氧化碳为38（26,47）mmHg，当动物转为STE姿势时迅速升高（P<0.001）至48（37,55）mmHg；未观察到PCO₂的相应变化。这些初步研究结果表明，卧倒的黑犀牛采取STE姿势可减少无效腔通气并改善氧合。侧卧位与较低的血乳酸水平、更快的乳酸恢复或两者均有关。捕获后卧倒犀牛的姿势可能影响乳酸的积累和清除，或两者兼有，操作过程应考虑体位以增强灌注。
