Foster Andrew J, Ryder Lauren S, Kershaw Michael J, Talbot Nicholas J
School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
Environ Microbiol. 2017 Mar;19(3):1008-1016. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13688. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae elaborates a specialized cell called an appressorium, which is used to breach the tough outer cuticle of a rice leaf, enabling the fungus entry to host plant cells. The appressorium generates enormous turgor by accumulating glycerol to very high concentrations within the cell. Glycerol accumulation and melanization of the appressorium cell wall collectively drive turgor-mediated penetration of the rice leaf. In this review, we discuss the potential metabolic sources of glycerol in the rice blast fungus and how appressorium turgor is focused as physical force at the base of the infection cell, leading to the formation of a rigid penetration peg. We review recent studies of M. oryzae and other relevant appressorium-forming fungi which shed light on how glycerol is synthesized and how appressorium turgor is regulated. Finally, we provide some questions to guide avenues of future research that will be important in fully understanding the role of glycerol in rice blast disease.
稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae会形成一种特殊的细胞，称为附着胞，用于穿透水稻叶片坚韧的外表皮，使真菌能够进入宿主植物细胞。附着胞通过在细胞内积累高浓度甘油产生巨大的膨压。甘油积累和附着胞细胞壁黑化共同驱动膨压介导的水稻叶片穿透。在本综述中，我们讨论了稻瘟病菌中甘油的潜在代谢来源，以及附着胞膨压如何作为物理力集中在侵染细胞底部，导致形成坚硬的侵入栓。我们综述了关于稻瘟病菌和其他相关形成附着胞真菌的最新研究，这些研究揭示了甘油的合成方式以及附着胞膨压的调节机制。最后，我们提出了一些问题，以指导未来的研究方向，这些研究对于全面理解甘油在稻瘟病中的作用至关重要。
