Oregon Research Institute.
J Pers. 2018 Feb;86(1):97-108. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12304. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
We examine three cardinal concerns in personality psychology from a life span perspective: trait structure, trait stability, and trait mechanisms that account for the predictive utility of traits. We draw on previously published and new findings from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, as well as work by others.
The Hawaii study provides a unique opportunity to relate a comprehensive assessment of participants' childhood personality traits (over 2,000 children, mean age 10 years) to their adult personality traits and other self-report outcomes in their 40s, 50s, and 60s, and their clinically assessed health at mean age 51.
Our analyses have demonstrated that the Big Five can be used to describe childhood personality in this cohort. The stability of the Big Five from childhood teacher assessments to adult self- or observer reports is modest and varies from Big Five trait to trait. Personality mechanisms of life span health behavior and life span trauma experience explain some of the influence of childhood Conscientiousness on adult health outcomes.
A life span approach highlights the dynamic nature of traits and their long-term predictive utility, and it offers numerous directions for future research.
从寿命的角度审视人格心理学中的三个主要关注点：特质结构、特质稳定性以及解释特质预测能力的特质机制。我们借鉴了来自夏威夷人格与健康纵向研究（Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health）以及其他人的先前发表的和新的研究结果。
夏威夷研究为将参与者的儿童期人格特质（超过 2000 名儿童，平均年龄 10 岁）与他们在 40 多岁、50 多岁和 60 多岁时的成人人格特质和其他自我报告结果以及他们在平均年龄 51 岁时的临床评估健康相关联提供了一个独特的机会。
我们的分析表明，五大特质可以用来描述该队列中的儿童期人格。从儿童期教师评估到成人自我或观察者报告的五大特质的稳定性是适度的，并且因特质而异。寿命健康行为和寿命创伤经历的人格机制解释了儿童期尽责性对成人健康结果的部分影响。
寿命的方法强调了特质的动态性质及其长期的预测能力，并为未来的研究提供了多个方向。
