Roivainen Eka
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
Eur J Psychol. 2022 May 31;18(2):132-141. doi: 10.5964/ejop.2987. eCollection 2022 May.
Analysis of the age of acquisition (AoA) of personality terms represents a genetic method for the study of the individual personality lexicon and offers a potential alternative to correlational analysis for identifying the fundamental personality descriptors among the thousands of terms that appear in language. In the present study, the relationship between AoA, word frequency, word desirability, and factor loading in the Big Five and Hexaco models of 274 and 408 personality adjectives was analyzed. It was found that young children (2nd graders or younger) acquire personality terms that represent traits at the core of the broad personality factors in the Big Five and Hexaco models slightly earlier than words that represent more peripheral traits. In older children beyond second grade, the correlation between factor loading and AoA is weak. Words that describe the broad openness and stability/emotionality aspects of personality are learned later than words for the other broad factors. Word frequency (in book texts) and desirability have a weak negative correlation with AoA. It is hypothesized that the AoA of a personality term reflects the importance of the corresponding trait for children and may be used as one criterion for ranking facet level traits independent of the broad factors.
对人格特质术语习得年龄（AoA）的分析代表了一种研究个体人格词汇的遗传学方法，并且为在语言中出现的数千个术语中识别基本人格描述词提供了一种替代相关分析的潜在方法。在本研究中，分析了274个和408个人格形容词在大五人格模型和六因素人格模型中习得年龄、词频、词合意性与因素负荷之间的关系。研究发现，幼儿（二年级及以下）习得代表大五人格模型和六因素人格模型中宽泛人格因素核心特质的人格特质术语，比习得代表更外围特质的术语略早。在二年级以上的大龄儿童中，因素负荷与习得年龄之间的相关性较弱。描述人格宽泛开放性和稳定性/情绪性方面的词汇比描述其他宽泛因素的词汇习得更晚。词频（在书籍文本中）和合意性与习得年龄呈弱负相关。据推测，人格特质术语的习得年龄反映了相应特质对儿童的重要性，并且可作为独立于宽泛因素对层面特质进行排序的一个标准。
