Hampson Sarah E, Edmonds Grant W, Goldberg Lewis R, Barckley Maureen, Klest Bridget, Dubanoski Joan P, Hillier Teresa A
Oregon Research Institute.
Department of Psychology, University of Regina.
Psychol Trauma. 2016 Jul;8(4):447-54. doi: 10.1037/tra0000137. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
This study investigated whether lifetime experience of trauma is related to personality through instrumental and reactive trait processes, and whether lifetime trauma is a mechanism underlying the association between childhood conscientiousness and objectively assessed adult physical health.
Participants (N = 831) were 442 women and 389 men from the Hawaii longitudinal study of personality and health. Teacher assessments of personality were obtained when the participants were in elementary school. Self-reported adult personality assessments, lifetime histories of trauma experience, and objectively assessed physiological dysregulation were obtained between ages 45-55.
Women tended to report more high-betrayal trauma than men, whereas men reported more low-betrayal trauma than women. Women who were judged by their teachers to be less agreeable and less conscientious in childhood reported more lifetime trauma, suggesting instrumental trait processes. For both genders, neuroticism and openness/intellect/imagination in adulthood, but not in childhood, were associated with lifetime trauma, suggesting reactive trait processes. For both genders, trauma experience was correlated with dysregulation and with Body Mass Index (BMI). The indirect paths from childhood conscientiousness to adult dysregulation and BMI through total teen and adult trauma were significant for women, but not for men (indirect effect for women's dysregulation = -.025, p = .040, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -.048, -.001; indirect effect for women's BMI = -.037, p = .009, 95% CI = -.067, -.008).
Teen and adult trauma experience appears to be a hitherto unidentified mechanism in women underlying the association between conscientiousness and health. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究调查了创伤的终生经历是否通过工具性和反应性特质过程与人格相关，以及终生创伤是否是童年尽责性与客观评估的成年身体健康之间关联的潜在机制。
参与者（N = 831）来自夏威夷人格与健康纵向研究，其中有442名女性和389名男性。在参与者上小学时获得教师对其人格的评估。在45至55岁之间获取自我报告的成人人格评估、创伤经历的终生史以及客观评估的生理失调情况。
女性倾向于报告比男性更多的高背叛创伤，而男性报告的低背叛创伤比女性更多。在童年时期被教师判定为不那么随和且不那么尽责的女性报告了更多的终生创伤，这表明存在工具性特质过程。对于两性而言，成年期而非童年期的神经质和开放性/智力/想象力与终生创伤相关，这表明存在反应性特质过程。对于两性来说，创伤经历与失调以及体重指数（BMI）相关。从童年尽责性通过青少年期和成年期的总创伤到成年失调和BMI的间接路径对女性显著，但对男性不显著（女性失调的间接效应 = -.025，p =.040，95%置信区间[CI] = -.048，-.001；女性BMI的间接效应 = -.037，p =.009，95%CI = -.067，-.008）。
青少年期和成年期的创伤经历似乎是女性中迄今未被识别的尽责性与健康之间关联的潜在机制。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
