Trentin Micheline S, Verardi Georgia, De C Ferreira Michele, de Carli João P, da Silva Soluete O, Lima Igor Fp, Paranhos Luiz R
Department of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Phone: +555430451201, e-mail:
Department of Dentistry, Community University of the Chapecó Region, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017 Feb 1;18(2):107-111. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1999.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease caused by the underproduction of insulin in the organism and it is considered a risk factor to periodontal disease.
This study performed a cross-sectional research on the main oral changes in patients with DM2 and nondiabetics, in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample included 116 patients examined at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the School of Medicine of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) and 134 nondiabetic patients examined at the Examinations, Triage, and Emergency Sector of the School of Dentistry of UPF. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients over 35-years old, diagnosed with DM2 for more than 2 years. The same criteria were used for the control group, except for the presence of diabetes. Data collected were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0 for Windows™ software and the Chi-square test at 5% significance. This study showed that, overall, oral lesions were more prevalent in diabetic patients.
The stomatological manifestations observed more frequently in such patients were pseudomembranous candidia-sis, lichen planus, lingual varices, xerostomia, and prosthetic stomatitis (p > 0.001).
Therefore, based on the sample investigated, it is concluded that patients with DM2 present higher prevalence of oral lesions when compared with nondiabetics.
It is important for the dentist to know about oral lesions because they may allow either early diagnosis in patients unaware of this condition or help diagnosing a potential decompensation. Moreover, oral lesions may represent a potential gateway for infectious agents, and the dentist may restrain this condition by performing treatment as early as possible.
2型糖尿病（DM2）是一种因机体胰岛素分泌不足引起的慢性疾病，被认为是牙周病的一个风险因素。
本研究在巴西南里奥格兰德州帕索丰杜对DM2患者和非糖尿病患者的主要口腔变化进行了横断面研究。样本包括在帕索丰杜大学（UPF）医学院糖尿病门诊接受检查的116名患者，以及在UPF牙科学院检查、分诊和急诊部门接受检查的134名非糖尿病患者。该研究的纳入标准为年龄超过35岁、被诊断为DM2超过2年的患者。对照组采用相同标准，糖尿病除外。收集的数据采用Windows™系统的社会科学统计软件包18.0进行分析，并进行显著性水平为5%的卡方检验。本研究表明，总体而言，口腔病变在糖尿病患者中更为普遍。
在这些患者中更频繁观察到的口腔表现为假膜性念珠菌病、扁平苔藓、舌静脉曲张、口干症和义齿性口炎（p>0.001）。
因此，基于所调查的样本得出结论，与非糖尿病患者相比，DM2患者口腔病变的患病率更高。
对牙医来说了解口腔病变很重要，因为这可能有助于未意识到自身病情的患者进行早期诊断，或有助于诊断潜在的失代偿情况。此外，口腔病变可能是感染源的潜在入口，牙医可通过尽早进行治疗来控制这种情况。
