Almeida Fátima Susana Jesus, Coutinho Emília Carvalho, Duarte João Carvalho, Chaves Cláudia Margarida Balula, Nelas Paula Alexandra Batista, Amaral Odete Pereira, Parreira Vitória Castro
Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, CIDETS, Viseu, Portugal.
J Clin Nurs. 2017 Aug;26(15-16):2417-2425. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13756. Epub 2017 May 2.
To determine the prevalence of domestic violence (physical, psychological or sexual) during pregnancy and to characterise these women.
Pregnant women are not immune to domestic violence and therefore may be subject to any form of physical, psychological or sexual violence by partners. Health professionals' knowledge and awareness are important in the identification and intervention of pregnant women who experience domestic violence.
Quantitative, descriptive, correlational study, using a nonprobabilistic convenience sample consisting of a total of 852 postpartum women, of whom 370 were experiencing domestic violence according to the criteria adopted through the modified scale of prevalence, applied between February-June 2012 in two Portuguese public health institutions. Authorisation was given by the Ethics Committees/Administration Councils of both institutions involved and the National Committee of Data Protection.
The prevalence of DV during pregnancy was 43·4% (physical violence - 21·9%; psychological violence - 43·2%; and sexual violence - 19·6%). These women had the following profile: immigrant (OR = 5·70; IC95% 3·32-9·78), non-Caucasian (OR = 6·27; IC95% 3·76-10·46), single/divorced/widowed (OR = 2·28; IC95% 1·70-3·05), academic qualifications up to year 9 (OR = 4·94; IC95% 3·31-7·37); between 10-12 years of schooling (OR = 2·36; IC95% 1·70-3·29); unemployed (OR = 2·01; IC95% 1·50-2·69); and with a monthly income <1000 euros (OR = 1·90; IC95% 1·44-2·50). Through logistic regression, the following protective factors have been identified: nationality (Portuguese), race (Caucasian) and place of residence (city).
Almost half of the sample had experienced some form of domestic violence. This is associated with certain sociodemographic factors identified in the study. Psychological violence was the most prevalent during pregnancy.
Knowledge of the prevalence and characteristics of pregnant women who experience domestic violence is of paramount importance in planning appropriate strategies for their needs during pregnancy. Results indicate the need for nurses to intervene when warning signs of domestic violence against pregnant women are detected.
确定孕期家庭暴力（身体、心理或性方面）的患病率，并对这些女性进行特征描述。
孕妇并非免受家庭暴力侵害，因此可能遭受伴侣任何形式的身体、心理或性暴力。卫生专业人员的知识和意识对于识别和干预遭受家庭暴力的孕妇至关重要。
采用定量、描述性、相关性研究，使用非概率便利样本，样本共包括852名产后女性，根据2012年2月至6月在两家葡萄牙公共卫生机构采用的改良患病率量表所采用的标准，其中370名女性遭受家庭暴力。研究获得了两家相关机构的伦理委员会/管理委员会以及国家数据保护委员会的授权。
孕期家庭暴力的患病率为43.4%（身体暴力 - 21.9%；心理暴力 - 43.2%；性暴力 - 19.6%）。这些女性具有以下特征：移民（比值比 = 5.70；95%置信区间3.32 - 9.78）、非白种人（比值比 = 6.27；95%置信区间3.76 - 10.46）、单身/离异/丧偶（比值比 = 2.28；95%置信区间1.70 - 3.05）、学历最高为九年级（比值比 = 4.94；95%置信区间3.31 - 7.37）；接受10 - 12年教育（比值比 = 2.36；95%置信区间1.70 - 3.29）；失业（比值比 = 2.01；95%置信区间1.50 - 2.69）；月收入低于1000欧元（比值比 = 1.90；95%置信区间1.44 - 2.50）。通过逻辑回归分析，确定了以下保护因素：国籍（葡萄牙）、种族（白种人）和居住地点（城市）。
几乎一半的样本曾经历某种形式的家庭暴力。这与研究中确定的某些社会人口学因素相关。孕期心理暴力最为普遍。
了解遭受家庭暴力的孕妇的患病率和特征对于为其孕期需求制定适当策略至关重要。结果表明，当检测到针对孕妇的家庭暴力警示信号时，护士有必要进行干预。
