Mishra Sanjeeb K, Pradhan Gourahari, Pradhan Subrat K, Choubey Gitarani
Field Epidemiology Training Program, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, IND.
Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 4;16(8):e66113. doi: 10.7759/cureus.66113. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Violence against women has been one of the dreaded social evils that humanity is facing. There have been concerted efforts to eliminate this evil, and sustainable development goals goal 5.2.1 gave it a timeline. The current study was carried out to estimate the burden of domestic violence (DV) against women and to investigate the sociodemographic correlates of DV victims in India.
Data were drawn from the fifth National Family Health Survey round. According to Demographic Health Survey guidelines, DV is measured using a 13-item questionnaire in the women's survey. Complex sample analysis was done using a primary sampling unit, sample weight, and stratification variables to estimate the weighted prevalence. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression determine the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The analysis is carried out using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
The weighted prevalence of DV against women in India in 2019-2021 was 31.2%. Approximately 28.5%, 13.1%, and 5.7% of women reported experiences of physical, emotional, and sexual violence, respectively. Karnataka was the worst affected state, with 47.3% of women facing DV. Individual factors like education and occupation, household factors like husband's education, occupation, drinking habit, wealth index, and community-level factors like caste, religion, and place of residence were significant predictors of DV. Lower levels of education and lower socioeconomic status were essential predictors of DV.
The importance of education for both females and males has repeatedly been directly associated with DV, but the interventions have failed to improve the situation and warrant a new strategy. Awareness about the legal consequences of DV in lower socioeconomic classes also has the potential to cut down the numbers. Further research into the causality can improve the planning for better intervention modalities.
针对妇女的暴力行为一直是人类面临的可怕社会弊病之一。人们已齐心协力消除这一弊病，可持续发展目标的具体目标5.2.1为此设定了时间表。本研究旨在估计印度针对妇女的家庭暴力（DV）负担，并调查DV受害者的社会人口学相关因素。
数据取自第五轮全国家庭健康调查。根据人口健康调查指南，在妇女调查中使用一份包含13个条目的问卷来衡量DV。采用初级抽样单位、样本权重和分层变量进行复杂样本分析，以估计加权患病率。卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归确定未调整和调整后的比值比。使用SPSS 26版（IBM公司，纽约州阿蒙克）进行分析。
2019 - 2021年印度针对妇女的DV加权患病率为31.2%。分别约有28.5%、13.1%和5.7%的妇女报告遭受过身体暴力、情感暴力和性暴力。卡纳塔克邦是受影响最严重的邦，47.3%的妇女面临DV。个人因素如教育程度和职业、家庭因素如丈夫的教育程度、职业、饮酒习惯、财富指数以及社区层面因素如种姓、宗教和居住地点是DV的重要预测因素。较低的教育水平和较低的社会经济地位是DV的重要预测因素。
对男性和女性而言，教育的重要性一直与DV直接相关，但干预措施未能改善这种状况，需要一种新策略。提高社会经济地位较低阶层对DV法律后果的认识也有可能减少此类事件的发生。对因果关系的进一步研究可以改进规划，以采用更好的干预方式。
