Tong Van T, England Lucinda J, Rockhill Karilynn M, D'Angelo Denise V
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Office of Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2017 Mar;31(2):144-148. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12343. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
Few studies have examined the effects of nondaily smoking or low-intensity daily smoking and infant outcomes. We examined the associations between preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in relation to both nondaily and daily smoking.
We used population-based data on women who delivered live singleton infants using the 2009-11 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Women's smoking status in the last 3 months of pregnancy was categorised as nonsmokers, quitters, nondaily smokers (<1 cigarette/day), and daily smokers. Controlling for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, education, marital status, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), trimester of prenatal care entry, parity, and alcohol use, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for the outcomes of preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation) and SGA.
Of the 88 933 women, 13.1%, 1.7%, and 9.6% of the sample were quitters, nondaily smokers, and daily smokers, respectively, in the last 3 months of pregnancy. While nondaily smoking was not associated with preterm delivery, daily smoking was. However, we found no dose-response relationship with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Risk of delivering a SGA infant was increased for both nondaily and daily smokers (PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8 and PR 2.0, 95% CI 1.9, 2.2 respectively).
Nondaily smoking in the last 3 months of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of delivering a SGA infant. Pregnant women should be counselled that smoking, including nondaily and daily smoking, can adversely affect birth outcomes.
很少有研究探讨非每日吸烟或低强度每日吸烟及其对婴儿结局的影响。我们研究了非每日吸烟和每日吸烟与早产及小于胎龄（SGA）婴儿之间的关联。
我们使用了基于人群的数据，这些数据来自于2009 - 2011年妊娠风险评估监测系统中分娩单胎活婴的女性。将妊娠最后3个月的女性吸烟状况分为不吸烟者、戒烟者、非每日吸烟者（<1支/天）和每日吸烟者。在控制了产妇年龄、种族/民族、教育程度、婚姻状况、孕前体重指数（BMI）、产前检查开始的孕周、产次和饮酒情况后，我们估计了早产（<37周妊娠）和SGA结局的调整患病率比（PR）。
在88933名女性中，妊娠最后3个月样本中的13.1%、1.7%和9.6%分别为戒烟者、非每日吸烟者和每日吸烟者。虽然非每日吸烟与早产无关，但每日吸烟与之有关。然而，我们未发现与每日吸烟支数存在剂量反应关系。非每日吸烟者和每日吸烟者分娩SGA婴儿的风险均增加（PR分别为1.4，95%CI 1.1，1.8和PR 2.0，95%CI 1.9，2.2）。
妊娠最后3个月的非每日吸烟与分娩SGA婴儿的风险增加有关。应建议孕妇，吸烟，包括非每日吸烟和每日吸烟，会对出生结局产生不利影响。
