Pomar C A, van Nes R, Sánchez J, Picó C, Keijer J, Palou A
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Aug;41(8):1279-1287. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.42. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
The suckling period is a critical phase of development, in which maternal overnutrition may program the susceptibility of developing chronic diseases and disorders, such as obesity and metabolic alterations, in adult life. Here, we questioned whether the consumption of a cafeteria diet throughout lactation in rats affects the macronutrient composition of milk and whether it results in permanent metabolic effects in the offspring.
Nursing rats were fed a control diet or a cafeteria diet during lactation. Milk was obtained at different time points of lactation. Offspring (males and females) were weaned onto a control diet until the age of 6 months. Circulating parameters were measured under ad libitum feeding and under 12-h fasting conditions at weaning and at 3 and 6 months of age. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 3 and 6 months of age.
Rats fed a cafeteria diet during lactation consumed an unbalanced diet, with lower protein and higher fat content versus controls, which was reflected in the composition of the milk. The offspring of rats fed a cafeteria diet during lactation showed lower body weight and lower lean mass, but greater fat accumulation, compared with controls. They also displayed hyperleptinaemia, altered lipid profile and impaired response to an OGTT.
Maternal consumption of a cafeteria diet throughout lactation in rats produces lasting effects in the metabolic health of their offspring, which are not associated with a higher body weight but with a greater fat accumulation, similarly to the thin-outside-fat-inside phenotype.
哺乳期是发育的关键阶段，在此期间母体营养过剩可能会使成年后患慢性疾病和失调（如肥胖和代谢改变）的易感性增加。在此，我们探讨了大鼠在整个哺乳期食用自助餐式饮食是否会影响乳汁的常量营养素组成，以及是否会对后代产生永久性的代谢影响。
哺乳大鼠在哺乳期喂食对照饮食或自助餐式饮食。在哺乳期的不同时间点采集乳汁。后代（雄性和雌性）断奶后喂食对照饮食直至6个月龄。在断奶时以及3个月和6个月龄时，在随意进食和12小时禁食条件下测量循环参数。在3个月和6个月龄时进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。
哺乳期喂食自助餐式饮食的大鼠摄入的饮食不均衡，与对照组相比，蛋白质含量较低，脂肪含量较高，这反映在乳汁的组成中。与对照组相比，哺乳期喂食自助餐式饮食的大鼠后代体重较低，瘦体重较低，但脂肪积累较多。它们还表现出高瘦素血症、血脂谱改变和对OGTT的反应受损。
大鼠在整个哺乳期食用自助餐式饮食会对其后代的代谢健康产生持久影响，这些影响与体重增加无关，而是与更多的脂肪积累有关，类似于外瘦内胖的表型。
