Bottone Paul Devine, Bartlett Allison H
Pediatr Ann. 2017 Feb 1;46(2):e47-e50. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20170118-01.
Acute HIV infection (AHI) represents the first 6 to 12 weeks of the disease process, when the virus is aggressively replicating in the lymphoid tissues. Accordingly, high viral loads are often present during this phase, with declining lymphocyte levels, as the CD4+ T-cell subset is preferentially commandeered to facilitate viral reproduction. Detection at this stage is imperative-the affected are often unaware, but highly infectious. Unfortunately, correct diagnosis of AHI can be challenging because the more traditional, frequently used tests, which rely on antibody detection, will often produce false-negative results during the "window period" (usually 3 to 4 weeks from infection) due to slow production of HIV antibodies. Consequently, testing with fourth-generation antibody-antigen and viral nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction modalities, which can yield positive results within 5 to 7 days of infection, is vital in the context of any significant concern for AHI. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(2):e47-e50.].
急性HIV感染（AHI）代表疾病进程的最初6至12周，在此期间病毒在淋巴组织中大量复制。因此，此阶段通常病毒载量很高，淋巴细胞水平下降，因为CD4 + T细胞亚群被优先征用以促进病毒繁殖。在此阶段进行检测至关重要——感染者通常 unaware，但具有高度传染性。不幸的是，AHI的正确诊断可能具有挑战性，因为更传统、常用的依赖抗体检测的测试，由于HIV抗体产生缓慢，在“窗口期”（通常从感染起3至4周）期间往往会产生假阴性结果。因此，使用第四代抗体 - 抗原和病毒核酸聚合酶链反应检测方法进行检测，这些方法在感染后5至7天内可产生阳性结果，对于任何对AHI有重大担忧的情况都至关重要。[《儿科年鉴》。2017年；46(2):e47 - e50。] （注：原文中“unaware”前面少了个“are”，翻译时保留了原文错误）
