Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
Environ Int. 2011 Jan;37(1):142-51. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.08.010. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
This study is one of the very few investigating the body burdens of persistent organic pollutants in residents of Hong Kong. Twenty-nine human milk samples and 21 human blood (and cord blood) samples collected from 2005 were analyzed for PAHs, OCPs and PCBs levels. Higher levels of PAHs, DDTs and PCBs were detected in human milk samples when compared to maternal serum and cord serum (PAHs: milk: 1981 ng g⁻¹ fat, maternal serum: 1461, cord serum: 1158; DDTs: 3099, 1934, 1556; PCBs: 49, 41, 40). Among the 16 PAHs, naphthalene (human milk: 786 ng g⁻¹ fat, maternal serum: 331, cord serum: 348), phenanthrene (361, 144, 193), pyrene (187, 154, 98) and fluoranthene (158, 128, 89) were the major PAHs detected in three human tissues. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were the only metabolites of DDT detected in the three types of human tissues. High detection rate of the p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT (> 90%) were noted in the three types of human samples. On the contrary, low detection frequency of PCBs in human milk (10.7%), maternal serum (1.7%) and cord serum (0.8%) were observed. The correlation coefficients of the PAHs, DDTs and PCBs levels in the three types of human tissues together with fish consumption, maternal age and tissue fat were analyzed. The following significant correlations were observed: Σ DDTs and p,p'-DDE in human milk with consumption of freshwater and marine fish, and maternal age; Σ PCBs in human milk with marine fish consumption, and maternal age; Σ PAHs in human milk with maternal age, respectively. The estimated daily intakes of DDTs by infants indicated that 7 out of 29 of the human milk samples exceeded 20 ng g⁻¹ day⁻¹, the tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the Health Canada Guideline in terms of DDTs levels. The high intake of DDTs by infants may be of concern as infants are more susceptible to the adverse effects imposed by various environmental contaminants. Human milk is a reliable and comparatively non-invasive tool for monitoring body loading of POPs, which also allows health risk assessment of residual chemicals on our next generation.
本研究是为数不多的调查香港居民体内持久性有机污染物负荷的研究之一。本研究分析了 2005 年采集的 29 个人乳样本和 21 个人血（及脐血）样本中的多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量。与母体血清和脐血清相比，人乳样本中多环芳烃、滴滴涕和多氯联苯的含量更高（多环芳烃：乳 1981ng/g 脂肪，母血 1461，脐血 1158；滴滴涕：3099、1934、1556；多氯联苯：49、41、40）。在所检测的 16 种多环芳烃中，萘（乳 786ng/g 脂肪，母血 331，脐血 348）、菲（361、144、193）、芘（187、154、98）和荧蒽（158、128、89）是三种人体组织中主要的多环芳烃。在三种人体组织中均检测到滴滴涕的唯一代谢物 p,p'-DDE 和 p,p'-DDT。在三种人体样本中均观察到 p,p'-DDE 和 p,p'-DDT 的高检出率（>90%）。相反，人乳（10.7%）、母体血清（1.7%）和脐血（0.8%）中多氯联苯的检出频率较低。分析了三种人体组织中多环芳烃、滴滴涕和多氯联苯的水平与鱼类摄入、母体年龄和组织脂肪之间的相关性。观察到以下显著相关性：Σ滴滴涕和 p,p'-DDE 在人乳中与淡水和海水鱼的摄入以及母体年龄相关；Σ多氯联苯在人乳中与海鱼的摄入以及母体年龄相关；Σ多环芳烃在人乳中与母体年龄相关。婴儿摄入滴滴涕的估计日摄入量表明，29 个人乳样本中有 7 个超过了加拿大健康指南规定的 20ng/g 体重·天的滴滴涕可耐受日摄入量（TDI）。婴儿摄入滴滴涕的情况令人担忧，因为婴儿更容易受到各种环境污染物造成的不良影响。人乳是监测持久性有机污染物体内负荷的可靠且相对非侵入性工具，也可用于评估下一代体内残留化学物质的健康风险。
