Gebremariam Mekdes K, Vaqué-Crusellas Cristina, Andersen Lene F, Stok F Marijn, Stelmach-Mardas Marta, Brug Johannes, Lien Nanna
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
Faculty of Health Science and Wellbeing, University of Vic-University Central of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Feb 14;14(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0477-z.
Comprehensive and psychometrically tested measures of availability and accessibility of food are needed in order to explore availability and accessibility as determinants and predictors of dietary behaviors. The main aim of this systematic review was to update the evidence regarding the psychometric properties of measures of food availability and accessibility among youth. A secondary objective was to assess how availability and accessibility were conceptualized in the included studies.
A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Methodological studies published between January 2010 and March 2016 and reporting on at least one psychometric property of a measure of availability and/or accessibility of food among youth were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Existing criteria were used to interpret reliability and validity parameters.
A total of 20 studies were included. While 16 studies included measures of food availability, three included measures of both availability and accessibility; one study included a measure of accessibility only. Different conceptualizations of availability and accessibility were used across the studies. The measures aimed at assessing availability and/or accessibility in the home environment (n = 11), the school (n = 4), stores (n = 3), childcare/early care and education services (n = 2) and restaurants (n = 1). Most studies followed systematic steps in the development of the measures. The most common psychometrics tested for these measures were test-retest reliability and criterion validity. The majority of the measures had satisfactory evidence of reliability and/or validity. None of the included studies assessed the responsiveness of the measures.
The review identified several measures of food availability or accessibility among youth with satisfactory evidence of reliability and/or validity. Findings indicate a need for more studies including measures of accessibility and addressing its conceptualization. More testing of some of the identified measures in different population groups is also warranted, as is the development of more measures of food availability and accessibility in the broader environment such as the neighborhood food environment.
为了探究食物的可得性和可及性作为饮食行为的决定因素和预测因素，需要全面且经过心理测量学测试的相关测量方法。本系统评价的主要目的是更新有关青少年食物可得性和可及性测量方法心理测量特性的证据。次要目的是评估纳入研究中如何对可得性和可及性进行概念化。
使用Medline、Embase、PsycINFO和科学网进行系统的文献检索。纳入2010年1月至2016年3月发表的、报告了至少一项青少年食物可得性和/或可及性测量方法心理测量特性的方法学研究。两名评价者独立提取数据并评估研究质量。使用现有标准解释信度和效度参数。
共纳入20项研究。其中16项研究纳入了食物可得性测量方法，3项研究同时纳入了可得性和可及性测量方法；1项研究仅纳入了可及性测量方法。各项研究对可得性和可及性的概念化方式不同。这些测量方法旨在评估家庭环境（n = 11）、学校（n = 4）、商店（n = 3）、儿童保育/早期护理和教育服务机构（n = 2）以及餐馆（n = 1）中的可得性和/或可及性。大多数研究在测量方法的开发过程中遵循了系统步骤。对这些测量方法进行测试的最常见心理测量指标是重测信度和效标效度。大多数测量方法具有令人满意的信度和/或效度证据。纳入的研究均未评估测量方法的反应度。
本评价确定了几项青少年食物可得性或可及性的测量方法，具有令人满意的信度和/或效度证据。研究结果表明，需要开展更多包括可及性测量方法并解决其概念化问题的研究。对在不同人群中确定的一些测量方法进行更多测试也是必要的，同时还需要开发更多关于更广泛环境（如社区食物环境）中食物可得性和可及性的测量方法。
