Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Jan 5;20(2):224-230. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx043.
Expectancies demonstrate cross-sectional associations with e-cigarette use, but the prospective relationships between expectancies and e-cigarette use are unknown. This study examined the longitudinal associations of expectancies with e-cigarette use among hospitalized tobacco cigarette smokers.
E-cigarette expectancies (e-cigarette-specific Brief Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult [BSCQ-A]), tobacco cigarette expectancies (tobacco-specific BSCQ-A), and number of days used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days were assessed at baseline hospitalization, 6-months post-hospitalization, and 12-months post-hospitalization among 978 hospitalized tobacco cigarette smokers. Expectancy difference scores (e-cigarette-specific expectancies minus tobacco-specific expectancies) were computed for each of the 10 BSCQ-A scales. Cross-lagged panel models tested the relationships between expectancy difference scores and number of days used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days for each of the 10 BSCQ-A scales.
Though some models revealed partial associations between expectancies and e-cigarette use, only one yielded results consistent with hypotheses. Greater e-cigarette use at baseline predicted greater expectancies that e-cigarettes taste pleasant as compared to tobacco cigarettes at 6 months, which then predicted greater e-cigarette use at 12 months. To a lesser degree greater expectancies that e-cigarettes taste pleasant as compared to tobacco cigarettes at baseline predicted greater e-cigarette use at 6 months, which then predicted greater expectancies that e-cigarettes taste pleasant as compared to tobacco cigarettes at 12 months.
Expectancies that e-cigarettes provide similar or more pleasant taste sensations as compared to tobacco cigarettes may be both a cause and consequence of e-cigarette use. Focusing on the taste experience may prove most effective in modifying e-cigarette use behavior.
The current study offers the first longitudinal examination of expectancies and e-cigarette use. Results suggest expectancies that e-cigarettes provide similar or more pleasant taste sensations relative to tobacco cigarettes are both a cause and consequence of e-cigarette use. Efforts that focus on the e-cigarette taste experience may prove most effective in modifying e-cigarette use behavior.
期望与电子烟的使用呈横断面关联，但期望与电子烟使用之间的前瞻性关系尚不清楚。本研究检验了期望与住院烟草烟民电子烟使用之间的纵向关联。
在 978 名住院烟草烟民中，在住院时、住院后 6 个月和住院后 12 个月评估电子烟期望（电子烟专用简短吸烟后果问卷-成人[BSCQ-A]）、烟草香烟期望（烟草专用 BSCQ-A）和过去 30 天内使用电子烟的天数。为 BSCQ-A 的每个量表计算了期望差值（电子烟特异性期望减去烟草特异性期望）。交叉滞后面板模型测试了 BSCQ-A 的每个量表的期望差值与过去 30 天内使用电子烟的天数之间的关系。
虽然一些模型显示了期望与电子烟使用之间的部分关联，但只有一个结果与假设一致。与烟草香烟相比，电子烟在基线时的使用量越大，6 个月时电子烟味道更宜人的期望越大，而 12 个月时电子烟的使用量也越大。在较小程度上，与烟草香烟相比，电子烟味道更宜人的期望越大，6 个月时电子烟的使用量越大，而 12 个月时电子烟味道更宜人的期望越大。
与烟草香烟相比，电子烟提供类似或更宜人的口感体验的期望可能是电子烟使用的原因和结果。关注口感体验可能最有效地改变电子烟使用行为。
本研究首次对期望和电子烟使用进行了纵向研究。结果表明，与烟草香烟相比，电子烟提供类似或更宜人的口感体验的期望既是电子烟使用的原因也是结果。关注电子烟口感体验的努力可能最有效地改变电子烟使用行为。
