Kala Anju, Kamra D N, Kumar Avinash, Agarwal Neeta, Chaudhary L C, Joshi C G
ICAR National Professorial Chair, Center of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Dept. of Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 16;12(2):e0172051. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172051. eCollection 2017.
The present study was aimed at understanding a shift in rumen microbiome of buffaloes fed various levels of total digestible nutrients. To understand the process, the metagenomics of rumen microbes, in vivo and in vitro rumen fermentation studies were carried out. Three rumen fistulated adult male Murrah buffaloes were fed three isonitrogenous diets varying in total digestible nutrients (70, 85 and 100% of TDN requirement) in 3X3 switch over design. On dry matter basis, wheat straw/ roughage content were 81, 63 and 51% and that of maize grain was 8, 16 and 21% in three diets respectively. After 20 d of feeding, rumen liquor and rumen contents were sampled just before (0h) and 4h post feeding. Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus (estimated with real time PCR) were higher in high roughage diets. The predominant phyla in all the three groups were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Fibrobacteres. A core group of more than fifty rumen bacteria was present in all the animals with very little variations due to level of TDN. The most predominant bacterial genera reported in order of decreasing abundance were: Prevotella, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Parabacteroides, Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio etc. The higher diversity of the enyzmes families GH 23, GH 28, GH 39, GH 97, GH 106, and GH 127 (the enzymes active in fibre and starch degradation) were significantly higher on 100%TDN diet while CE 14 (required for the hydrolysis of bond between carbohydrate and lignin) was higher on low TDN (70%) diet, indicating ester bond cleavage was better in animals fed high roughage (wheat straw) diet.
本研究旨在了解饲喂不同水平总可消化养分的水牛瘤胃微生物群的变化。为了解这一过程，开展了瘤胃微生物宏基因组学、体内和体外瘤胃发酵研究。选用三头装有瘤胃瘘管的成年雄性摩拉水牛，采用3×3交叉设计，饲喂三种等氮日粮，其总可消化养分含量不同（分别为TDN需求量的70%、85%和100%）。以干物质计，三种日粮中小麦秸秆/粗饲料含量分别为81%、63%和51%，玉米籽粒含量分别为8%、16%和21%。饲喂20天后，在饲喂前（0小时）和饲喂后4小时采集瘤胃液和瘤胃内容物样本。在高粗饲料日粮中，黄化瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌（通过实时PCR估算）的数量较多。所有三组中的主要菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门，其次是变形菌门、放线菌门和纤维杆菌门。所有动物体内均存在由五十多种瘤胃细菌组成的核心菌群，因TDN水平不同而差异很小。按丰度递减顺序报告的最主要细菌属为：普雷沃氏菌属、拟杆菌属、梭菌属、瘤胃球菌属、真杆菌属、副拟杆菌属、纤维杆菌属、丁酸弧菌属等。在100%TDN日粮中，参与纤维和淀粉降解的酶家族GH 23、GH 28、GH 39、GH 97、GH 106和GH 127的多样性显著更高，而参与碳水化合物与木质素之间键水解的CE 14在低TDN（70%）日粮中含量更高，这表明在饲喂高粗饲料（小麦秸秆）日粮的动物中，酯键断裂情况更好。
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