Kurimay Dora, Pope-Rhodius Alison, Kondric Miran
Pasaréti út 110/A Budapest 1026, Hungary.
John F. Kennedy University, Sport Psychology Program, USA.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Jan 30;55:75-81. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0007. eCollection 2017 Jan 1.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cognitive competitive anxiety intensity and coping strategies in table tennis players. One hundred and two (102) US competitive table tennis players of age range from 10 to 60 filled out a Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R, Cox et al., 2003) at least 30 minutes before the start of their tournament match and a Modified Cope questionnaire (MCOPE; Crocker and Graham, 1995) 15 minutes after they finished their match. Our study found significant differences between low and high cognitive competitive anxiety groups with regard to the use of coping strategies. The high cognitive competitive anxiety intensity group used significantly more behavioral disengagement (avoidance coping, p ≤ 0.05), denial coping strategies (emotion focused coping, p ≤ 0.01) compared to the low cognitive anxiety intensity group. Our results suggest that there is some connection between anxiety intensity and coping strategies. If the cognitive anxiety intensity (for example, intensity from worrying) is very high, an athlete might be more likely to use avoidance coping (such as behavioral disengagement) and emotion-focused coping (such as denial and venting of emotions) compared to athletes who have low cognitive competitive anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in cognitive anxiety and direction were found. Confidence management techniques such as positive self-talk, breathing techniques and visualization should be taught to athletes to assist them in coping with their competitive anxiety better and to enhance their performance.
本研究旨在探讨乒乓球运动员认知性竞争焦虑强度与应对策略之间的关系。102名年龄在10岁至60岁之间的美国竞技乒乓球运动员在锦标赛开始前至少30分钟填写了修订版的竞争状态焦虑量表-2（CSAI-2R，考克斯等人，2003年），并在比赛结束15分钟后填写了一份修订后的应对问卷（MCOPE；克罗克和格雷厄姆，1995年）。我们的研究发现，在应对策略的使用方面，低认知性竞争焦虑组和高认知性竞争焦虑组之间存在显著差异。与低认知焦虑强度组相比，高认知性竞争焦虑强度组显著更多地使用行为脱离（回避应对，p≤0.05）、否认应对策略（情绪聚焦应对，p≤0.01）。我们的研究结果表明，焦虑强度与应对策略之间存在某种联系。如果认知焦虑强度（例如，担忧产生的强度）非常高，与认知性竞争焦虑低的运动员相比，运动员可能更倾向于使用回避应对（如行为脱离）和情绪聚焦应对（如否认和情绪宣泄）。此外，还发现了认知焦虑和应对方向上的性别差异。应该向运动员传授诸如积极的自我对话、呼吸技巧和想象等信心管理技巧，以帮助他们更好地应对竞争焦虑并提高成绩。
