Schülein Stefanie, Taylor Katherine J, Schriefer Dirk, Blettner Maria, Klug Stefanie J
Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992 Munich, Germany.
Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69. 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Jan 26;6:23-26. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.01.011. eCollection 2017 Jun.
In Germany, a biennial preventive health check-up has been available for individuals aged 35 and older since 1989. The check-up includes identification of cardiovascular disease risk factors and examinations for diabetes mellitus type 2 and kidney disease. Participation in preventive health check-ups among 19,351 women aged 35 to 74 in Germany in 2004 was investigated. Logistic regression was performed to examine associations between participation and age, marital status, education, socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. In total, 53.4% of women attended at least every two years, 23.4% attended irregularly and 23.2% never attended. In adjusted models, single, divorced, separated or widowed women were less likely to have a preventive health check-up at least every two years compared to married women (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.57-0.71), while women in eastern Germany were less likely to participate (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.86) than women in western Germany. Education showed no association with having a preventive health check-up at least every two years; however, women with low SES were less likely to participate compared to those with high SES (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.92). About half of eligible women reported participating in health check-ups at least every two years, with participation varying according to socio-demographic characteristics. Women who are less likely to participate may benefit from receiving invitation letters within the framework of an organised programme. The benefits of general health checks, however, need to be evaluated.
自1989年以来，德国为35岁及以上的人群提供每两年一次的预防性健康检查。检查内容包括识别心血管疾病风险因素以及对2型糖尿病和肾脏疾病进行检查。对2004年德国19351名年龄在35至74岁之间的女性参与预防性健康检查的情况进行了调查。采用逻辑回归分析来研究参与情况与年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、社会经济地位（SES）和居住地区之间的关联。总体而言，53.4%的女性至少每两年进行一次检查，23.4%的女性不定期进行检查，23.2%的女性从未进行过检查。在调整后的模型中，与已婚女性相比，单身、离异、分居或丧偶的女性每两年至少进行一次预防性健康检查的可能性较小（比值比[OR]为0.63，95%置信区间[CI]为0.57 - 0.71），而德国东部的女性比西部的女性参与检查的可能性更小（OR为0.80，95% CI为0.75 - 0.86）。教育程度与每两年至少进行一次预防性健康检查没有关联；然而，与社会经济地位高的女性相比，社会经济地位低的女性参与检查的可能性较小（OR为0.82，95% CI为0.74 - 0.92）。约一半符合条件的女性报告至少每两年参加一次健康检查，参与情况因社会人口学特征而异。不太可能参与检查的女性可能会从有组织的项目框架内收到邀请信中受益。然而，一般健康检查的益处需要评估。
