Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
Environ Res. 2017 May;155:123-133. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
In recent decades, cephalopods have been shown to have very high capacities to accumulate most trace elements, regardless of whether they are essential (e.g., Cu and Zn) or non-essential (e.g., Ag and Cd). Among the different pathways of exposure to trace elements, the trophic pathway appears to be the major route of assimilation for numerous metals, including Cd, Co, Hg and Zn. Once assimilated, trace elements are distributed in the organism, accumulating in storage organs. The digestive gland is the main organ in which many trace elements accumulate, whichever of the exposure pathway. For example, this organ can present Cd concentrations reaching hundreds to thousands of ppm for some species, even though the digestive gland represents only a small proportion of the total mass of the animal. Such a specific organotropism towards the digestive gland of both essential and non-essential elements, regardless of the exposure pathway, poses the question of the detoxification processes evolved by cephalopods in order to sustain these high concentrations. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the bioaccumulation of trace elements in cephalopods, the differences in pharmaco-dynamics between organs and tissues, and the detoxification processes they use to counteract trace element toxicity. A peculiar focus has been done on the bioaccumulation within the digestive gland by investigating the subcellular locations of trace elements and their protein ligands.
在最近几十年中，已经证明头足类动物具有非常高的能力来积累大多数痕量元素，无论它们是必需的（例如 Cu 和 Zn）还是非必需的（例如 Ag 和 Cd）。在暴露于痕量元素的不同途径中，营养途径似乎是许多金属（包括 Cd、Co、Hg 和 Zn）同化的主要途径。一旦被同化，痕量元素就会分布在生物体中，并在储存器官中积累。消化腺是许多痕量元素积累的主要器官，无论暴露途径如何。例如，对于某些物种，该器官中 Cd 的浓度可达到数百至数千 ppm，尽管消化腺仅占动物总质量的一小部分。这种对无论是必需元素还是非必需元素的特定器官嗜性，无论暴露途径如何，都提出了头足类动物为了维持这些高浓度而进化出的解毒过程的问题。本文综述了头足类动物中痕量元素的生物积累、器官和组织之间的药物动力学差异以及它们用于对抗痕量元素毒性的解毒过程的最新知识。特别关注了痕量元素在消化腺中的生物积累，研究了痕量元素的亚细胞定位及其蛋白质配体。
