Sociology Department, Institute for Population Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Sociology Department, Institute for Population Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 Apr;178:95-103. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.040. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
Understanding the health consequence of job dissatisfaction becomes increasingly important because job insecurity, stress and dissatisfaction have significantly increased in the United States in the last decade. Despite the extensive work in this area, prior studies nonetheless may underestimate the harmful effect of job dissatisfaction due to the cross-sectional nature of their data and sample selection bias. This study applies a life-course approach to more comprehensively examine the relationship between job satisfaction and health. Using data from the NLSY 1979 cohort, we estimate group based job satisfaction trajectories of respondents starting at age 25 and ending at age 39. Four job satisfaction trajectory groups are identified, a consistently high satisfaction group, a downward group, an upward group, and a lowest satisfaction group. We examine the effects of these trajectories on several physical and mental health outcomes of respondents in their early forties. We find membership in the lowest job satisfaction trajectory group to be negatively associated with all five mental health outcomes, supporting the accumulation of risks life course model. Those in the upward job satisfaction trajectory group have similar health outcomes to those in the high job satisfaction trajectory group, supporting the social mobility life course model. Overall, we find the relationship between job satisfaction trajectories and health to be stronger for mental health compared to physical health.
理解工作不满对健康的影响变得越来越重要，因为过去十年中，美国的工作不安全感、压力和不满情绪显著增加。尽管在这个领域已经做了大量的工作，但由于数据的横断面性质和样本选择偏差，之前的研究可能低估了工作不满的有害影响。本研究采用生命历程方法更全面地研究工作满意度与健康之间的关系。本研究使用 NLSY1979 队列的数据，估计了从 25 岁到 39 岁的受访者的基于群体的工作满意度轨迹。确定了四个工作满意度轨迹群体，一个始终保持高满意度的群体、一个下降的群体、一个上升的群体和一个满意度最低的群体。我们研究了这些轨迹对受访者在 40 岁出头时的几种身体和心理健康结果的影响。我们发现，属于最低工作满意度轨迹群体的人，所有五种心理健康结果都呈负相关，支持了累积风险的生命历程模型。那些处于上升的工作满意度轨迹群体的健康结果与处于高工作满意度轨迹群体的健康结果相似，支持了社会流动的生命历程模型。总的来说，我们发现工作满意度轨迹与健康之间的关系在心理健康方面比在身体健康方面更强。
