Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Sleep Med. 2017 Feb;30:57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 May 4.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is frequently used to assess sleep problems in patients. The aim of this study was to provide reference values for this questionnaire, to test psychometric properties, and to analyze associations with psychological, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors.
A German community sample comprising 9284 adult residents (aged 18-80 years) was surveyed using the PSQI and several other questionnaires.
According to the generally accepted cut-off (PSQI > 5), 36% of the general population slept badly. Females reported significantly more sleep problems than males (mean scores: M = 5.5 vs. M = 4.4, respectively; effect size d = 0.35), but there was no linear association between age and sleep quality. Sleep problems were correlated with fatigue, quality of life (physical as well as mental), physical complaints, anxiety, and lack of optimism. Sleep quality was also strongly associated with socioeconomic status, professional situation (poorest sleep quality in unemployed people), and obesity. In addition to the results of the PSQI total score, mean scores of specific components of sleep quality were presented (sleep latency, sleep duration, and use of sleep medication).
The PSQI proved to be a suitable instrument for measuring sleep quality. Gender differences, psychological factors, and obesity should be taken into account when groups of patients are compared with respect to sleep problems.
匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）常用于评估患者的睡眠问题。本研究旨在为该问卷提供参考值，检验其心理测量学特性，并分析其与心理、社会人口学和行为因素的关联。
采用 PSQI 及其他几种问卷对一个由 9284 名 18-80 岁成年居民组成的德国社区样本进行了调查。
根据普遍接受的截断值（PSQI＞5），36%的普通人群睡眠质量较差。女性报告的睡眠问题明显多于男性（平均得分：M=5.5 vs. M=4.4，效应量 d=0.35），但睡眠质量与年龄之间没有线性关系。睡眠问题与疲劳、生活质量（身体和精神）、身体不适、焦虑和缺乏乐观有关。睡眠质量还与社会经济地位、职业状况（失业人群睡眠质量最差）和肥胖密切相关。除了 PSQI 总分的结果外，还呈现了睡眠质量特定成分的平均得分（入睡潜伏期、睡眠时间和使用睡眠药物）。
PSQI 被证明是一种测量睡眠质量的合适工具。在比较患者群体的睡眠问题时，应考虑性别差异、心理因素和肥胖。
