Xie Liyang, Vance Terrence, Kim Bohkyung, Lee Sang Gil, Caceres Christian, Wang Ying, Hubert Patrice A, Lee Ji-Young, Chun Ock K, Bolling Bradley W
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Nutr Res. 2017 Jan;37:67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.007. Epub 2016 Dec 10.
Former smokers are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that dietary aronia polyphenols would reduce biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, inflammation, and oxidative stress in former smokers. We also determined the extent these effects were associated with polyphenol bioavailability. A 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 49 healthy adult former smokers (n = 24/placebo, n = 25/aronia) to evaluate if daily consumption of 500 mg aronia extract modulated plasma lipids, blood pressure, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and lipid transport genes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The primary outcome was change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline, and multivariate correlation analysis was performed to determine if changes in lipids were associated with urinary polyphenol excretion. Aronia consumption reduced fasting plasma total cholesterol by 8% (P = .0140), LDL-C by 11% (P = .0285), and LDL receptor protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P = .0036) at 12 weeks compared with the placebo group. Positive changes in the urinary polyphenol metabolites peonidin-3-O-galactoside, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, and unmetabolized anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were associated with lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C in the aronia group. Aronia consumption did not change blood pressure or biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Aronia polyphenols reduced total and LDL-C in former smokers but did not improve biomarkers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The cholesterol-lowering activity of aronia extract was most closely associated with urinary levels of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and peonidin-3-O-galactoside, its methylated metabolite. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01541826.
既往吸烟者患心血管疾病的风险更高。我们推测，食用含阿龙尼亚多酚的食物会降低既往吸烟者心血管疾病风险、炎症和氧化应激的生物标志物水平。我们还确定了这些作用与多酚生物利用度之间的关联程度。对49名健康成年既往吸烟者（安慰剂组n = 24，阿龙尼亚组n = 25）进行了一项为期12周的随机、安慰剂对照试验，以评估每日食用500毫克阿龙尼亚提取物是否能调节血脂、血压、炎症和氧化应激生物标志物以及外周血单核细胞的脂质转运基因。主要结局是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）相对于基线的变化，并进行多变量相关性分析以确定血脂变化是否与尿多酚排泄有关。与安慰剂组相比，食用阿龙尼亚提取物12周后，空腹血浆总胆固醇降低了8%（P = 0.0140），LDL-C降低了11%（P = 0.0285），外周血单核细胞中的LDL受体蛋白降低（P = 0.0036）。阿龙尼亚组尿多酚代谢产物芍药素-3-O-半乳糖苷、3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸和未代谢的花青素矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷的正向变化与较低的血浆总胆固醇和LDL-C相关。食用阿龙尼亚提取物未改变血压或炎症和氧化应激生物标志物。阿龙尼亚多酚可降低既往吸烟者的总胆固醇和LDL-C，但未改善氧化应激和慢性炎症生物标志物。阿龙尼亚提取物的降胆固醇活性与矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷及其甲基化代谢产物芍药素-3-O-半乳糖苷的尿水平密切相关。该试验已在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT01541826。
