Bao Yige, Al Kait F, Chanyi Ryan M, Whiteside Samantha, Dewar Malcom, Razvi Hassan, Reid Gregor, Burton Jeremy P
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Canada;; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada;; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, London, Canada.
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Canada.
Ann Transl Med. 2017 Jan;5(2):33. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.14.
Urologists are typically faced with clinical situations for which the microbiome may have been a contributing factor. Clinicians have a good understanding regarding the role of bacteria related to issues such as antibiotic resistance; however, they generally have a limited grasp of how the microbiome may relate to urological issues. The largest part of the human microbiome is situated in the gastrointestinal tract, and though this is mostly separated from the urinary system, bacterial dissemination and metabolic output by this community is thought to have a significant influence on urological conditions. Sites within the urogenital system that were once considered "sterile" may regularly have bacterial populations present. The health implications potentially extend all the way to the kidneys. This could affect urinary tract infections, bladder cancer, urinary incontinence and related conditions including the formation of kidney stones. Given the sensitivity of the methodologies employed, and the large potential for contamination when working with low abundance microbiomes, meticulous care in the analyses of urological samples at various sites is required. This review highlights the opportunities for urinary microbiome investigations and our experience in working with these low abundance samples in the urinary tract.
泌尿科医生通常会面临一些临床情况，其中微生物群可能是一个促成因素。临床医生对与抗生素耐药性等问题相关的细菌作用有很好的理解；然而，他们通常对微生物群与泌尿系统问题之间的关系了解有限。人类微生物群的最大部分位于胃肠道，尽管这大部分与泌尿系统是分开的，但这个群落的细菌传播和代谢产物被认为对泌尿系统疾病有重大影响。泌尿生殖系统中曾经被认为是“无菌”的部位可能经常存在细菌种群。其对健康的影响可能一直延伸到肾脏。这可能会影响尿路感染、膀胱癌、尿失禁以及包括肾结石形成在内的相关病症。鉴于所采用方法的敏感性，以及处理低丰度微生物群时存在的巨大污染可能性，在分析不同部位的泌尿系统样本时需要格外小心。这篇综述强调了尿液微生物群研究的机会以及我们在处理这些泌尿系统低丰度样本方面的经验。
