Vidic Jasmina, Manzano Marisa, Chang Chung-Ming, Jaffrezic-Renault Nicole
Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, INRA, Paris Saclay University, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
Vet Res. 2017 Feb 21;48(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0418-5.
Infectious animal diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses threaten the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations, limit productivity and increase significantly economic losses to each sector. The pathogen detection is an important step for the diagnostics, successful treatment of animal infection diseases and control management in farms and field conditions. Current techniques employed to diagnose pathogens in livestock and poultry include classical plate-based methods and conventional biochemical methods as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). These methods are time-consuming and frequently incapable to distinguish between low and highly pathogenic strains. Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR (RT-PCR) have also been proposed to be used to diagnose and identify relevant infectious disease in animals. However these DNA-based methodologies need isolated genetic materials and sophisticated instruments, being not suitable for in field analysis. Consequently, there is strong interest for developing new swift point-of-care biosensing systems for early detection of animal diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we provide an overview of the innovative biosensing systems that can be applied for livestock pathogen detection. Different sensing strategies based on DNA receptors, glycan, aptamers and antibodies are presented. Besides devices still at development level some are validated according to standards of the World Organization for Animal Health and are commercially available. Especially, paper-based platforms proposed as an affordable, rapid and easy to perform sensing systems for implementation in field condition are included in this review.
由细菌和病毒等致病微生物引起的传染性动物疾病威胁着野生动物、家畜和人类的健康与福祉，限制了生产力，并给各个部门带来了巨大的经济损失。病原体检测是诊断、成功治疗动物感染疾病以及在农场和野外条件下进行控制管理的重要步骤。目前用于诊断畜禽病原体的技术包括基于经典平板的方法和常规生化方法，如酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。这些方法耗时且常常无法区分低致病性和高致病性菌株。诸如聚合酶链反应（PCR）和实时PCR（RT-PCR）等分子技术也已被提议用于诊断和识别动物中的相关传染病。然而，这些基于DNA的方法需要分离的遗传物质和精密仪器，不适合现场分析。因此，人们对开发新的快速即时护理生物传感系统以高灵敏度和特异性早期检测动物疾病有着浓厚的兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们概述了可用于家畜病原体检测的创新生物传感系统。介绍了基于DNA受体、聚糖、适体和抗体的不同传感策略。除了仍处于开发阶段的设备外，一些设备已根据世界动物卫生组织的标准进行了验证并可商购。特别是，本文综述了作为一种经济实惠、快速且易于操作的传感系统而提出的用于现场条件下实施的纸质平台。
