Nemati Sara, Sadeghi Amir, Khoshfetrat Seyyed Mehdi, Mohammad Rahimi Hanieh, Omidfar Kobra, Mirjalali Hamed
Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Chem. 2025 Jul 2;19(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01547-6.
Microsporidia are a large group of obligate intracellular parasites. In this study, a label-free electrochemical genosensor was developed to detect Enterocytozoon bieneusi using specific probe and electrode substrate, Mxene-Ti3C2/AuNPs/PDA. A 5' thiol-modified DNA probe, targeting 16S like ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of E. bieneusi, was designed. The Ti3C2-AuNPs-PDA nanocomposite was synthesized. The surface modification of the screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGE) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) electrochemical methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX or EDS) were employed to analyze the nanocomposites. The functional groups of Ti3C2/AuNPs/PDA nanocomposite were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy. The SEM analysis revealed a layered accordion-like architecture of Ti3C2. The TEM image confirmed the deposition of composite on the substrates. The EDS mapping showed the elemental content of AuNPs, Ti3C2/AuNPs, and Ti3C2/AuNPs/PDA. A decrease in the peak of the current values was seen after adding E. bieneusi DNA, confirming formation of DNA-ssDNA complex. A limit of detection (LoD) of 0.06 pg mL-1 was obtained with a linear detection range 0.1-10 pg mL-1. The integration of Ti3C2 and AuNPs not only facilitates the effective immobilization of DNA, but also improves the overall electron transfer kinetics. In addition, the developed genosensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and selectivity with a low LoD of 0.06 pg mL-1.
微孢子虫是一大类专性细胞内寄生虫。在本研究中,使用特异性探针和电极基底Mxene-Ti3C2/AuNPs/PDA开发了一种无标记电化学基因传感器,用于检测微小隐孢子虫。设计了一种靶向微小隐孢子虫16S 核糖体RNA(rRNA)基因的5'硫醇修饰DNA探针。合成了Ti3C2-AuNPs-PDA纳米复合材料。通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安图(DPV)电化学方法对丝网印刷金电极(SPGE)的表面修饰进行了表征。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和能量色散X射线分析(EDX或EDS)对纳米复合材料进行了分析。利用FT-IR光谱对Ti3C2/AuNPs/PDA纳米复合材料的官能团进行了表征。SEM分析揭示了Ti3C2的层状手风琴状结构。TEM图像证实了复合材料在基底上的沉积。EDS映射显示了AuNPs、Ti3C2/AuNPs和Ti3C2/AuNPs/PDA的元素含量。加入微小隐孢子虫DNA后,电流值峰值下降,证实形成了DNA-ssDNA复合物。检测限(LoD)为0.06 pg mL-1,线性检测范围为0.1-10 pg mL-1。Ti3C2和AuNPs的整合不仅有助于DNA的有效固定,还改善了整体电子转移动力学。此外,所开发的基因传感器具有出色的灵敏度和选择性,检测限低至0.06 pg mL-1。