Wassiliwizky Eugen, Jacobsen Thomas, Heinrich Jan, Schneiderbauer Manuel, Menninghaus Winfried
Language and Literature Department, Max Planck Institute for Empirical AestheticsFrankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Hamburg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 7;8:41. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00041. eCollection 2017.
This psychophysiological study is the first to examine the relationship between emotional tears and emotional piloerection (i.e., goosebumps). Although both phenomena have been related to peak states of being moved, details about their temporal occurrence and the associated levels of physiological arousal have remained unknown. In our study, we used emotionally powerful film scenes that were self-selected by participants. Our findings show that even within peak moments of emotional arousal, a gradation of intensity is possible. The overlap of tears and goosebumps signifies a maximal climax within peak moments. On the side of the stimulus, we found that displays of prosocial behavior play a crucial role in the elicitation of tears and goosebumps. Finally, based on the results of a formal film analysis of the tears-eliciting clips provided by our participants, as compared to randomly extracted, equally long control clips from the same films, we show how the technical and artistic making of the clips was optimized for the display of social interaction and emotional expressions.
这项心理生理学研究首次考察了情感性流泪与情感性竖毛（即鸡皮疙瘩）之间的关系。尽管这两种现象都与被感动的巅峰状态有关，但它们出现的时间细节以及相关的生理唤醒水平一直不为人知。在我们的研究中，我们使用了参与者自行选择的情感强烈的电影片段。我们的研究结果表明，即使在情感唤醒的巅峰时刻，强度也可能存在梯度变化。流泪和起鸡皮疙瘩的重叠标志着巅峰时刻的最大高潮。在刺激因素方面，我们发现亲社会行为的展示在引发流泪和起鸡皮疙瘩方面起着关键作用。最后，基于对参与者提供的引发流泪片段进行的正式电影分析结果，与从同一部电影中随机提取的等长对照片段相比，我们展示了这些片段的技术和艺术制作是如何为社会互动和情感表达的展示进行优化的。
