Shen Jiliang, Huang Chiung-Kuei, Yu Hong, Shen Bo, Zhang Yaping, Liang Yuelong, Li Zheyong, Feng Xu, Zhao Jie, Duan Lian, Cai Xiujun
Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
J Cell Mol Med. 2017 May;21(5):986-992. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12950. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Exosomes are small vesicles that were initially thought to be a mechanism for discarding unneeded membrane proteins from reticulocytes. Their mediation of intercellular communication appears to be associated with several biological functions. Current studies have shown that most mammalian cells undergo the process of exosome formation and utilize exosome-mediated cell communication. Exosomes contain various microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins. They have been reported to mediate multiple functions, such as antigen presentation, immune escape and tumour progression. This concise review highlights the findings regarding the roles of exosomes in liver diseases, particularly hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, further elucidation of the contributions of exosomes to intercellular information transmission is needed. The potential medical applications of exosomes in liver diseases seem practical and will depend on the ingenuity of future investigators and their insights into exosome-mediated biological processes.
外泌体是一种小囊泡，最初被认为是网织红细胞丢弃不需要的膜蛋白的一种机制。它们介导的细胞间通讯似乎与多种生物学功能相关。目前的研究表明，大多数哺乳动物细胞都会经历外泌体形成过程，并利用外泌体介导的细胞通讯。外泌体包含各种微小RNA、信使RNA和蛋白质。据报道，它们介导多种功能，如抗原呈递、免疫逃逸和肿瘤进展。这篇简要综述重点介绍了外泌体在肝脏疾病，特别是乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌中作用的相关研究结果。然而，需要进一步阐明外泌体在细胞间信息传递中的作用。外泌体在肝脏疾病中的潜在医学应用似乎具有可行性，这将取决于未来研究人员的创造力及其对外泌体介导的生物学过程的见解。
