Rubio-López Nuria, Llopis-González Agustín, Morales-Suárez-Varela María
Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2017 Feb 21;9(2):170. doi: 10.3390/nu9020170.
Calcium is an important nutrient for child development. The main objective of this study was to assess calcium intake and its adequacy with dietary reference intake (DRI) in Spanish children. The ANIVA (Antropometría y Nutrición Infantil de Valencia) study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. During two academic years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, 1176 schoolchildren aged 6-9 years were selected from 14 primary schools in Valencia (Spain). Three-day food records were used to assess dietary intake, completed by parents/guardian. Anthropometric data (weight and height) were evaluated in all subjects. Nutritional intake was compared to estimated average requirements (EARs) and adequate intake (AI) values to determine nutritional adequacy. A percentage of 25.77% had inadequate calcium intake, and a significantly higher prevalence was observed in girls ( = 0.006). Adequate calcium intake showed a positive association with the height -score ( = 0.032). When assessing dietary patterns, schoolchildren with adequate calcium intakes had better nutritional adequacy in all nutrients, except cholesterol ( = 0.086) and fluorine ( = 0.503). These results suggest a public health problem that must be addressed through nutrition education programs to increase intake of calcium-rich food and to correct the associated dietary pattern.
钙是儿童发育所需的一种重要营养素。本研究的主要目的是评估西班牙儿童的钙摄入量及其与膳食参考摄入量（DRI）的适配情况。ANIVA（巴伦西亚儿童人体测量与营养研究）是一项描述性横断面研究。在2013 - 2014和2014 - 2015两个学年期间，从西班牙巴伦西亚的14所小学选取了1176名6 - 9岁的学童。采用三日饮食记录来评估膳食摄入量，由家长/监护人填写。对所有受试者的人体测量数据（体重和身高）进行了评估。将营养摄入量与估计平均需求量（EARs）和适宜摄入量（AI）值进行比较，以确定营养充足情况。25.77%的儿童钙摄入量不足，女孩中的患病率显著更高（P = 0.006）。充足的钙摄入量与身高评分呈正相关（P = 0.032）。在评估饮食模式时，钙摄入量充足的学童在所有营养素方面（除胆固醇外，P = 0.086；氟，P = 0.503）营养充足情况更好。这些结果表明存在一个公共卫生问题，必须通过营养教育项目来解决，以增加富含钙食物的摄入量并纠正相关的饮食模式。
