Abdalrahman Lubna S, Fakhr Mohamed K
Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
Foods. 2015 Apr 21;4(2):115-129. doi: 10.3390/foods4020115.
Few recent outbreaks in Europe and the US involving and were linked to the consumption of chicken livers. Studies investigating in chicken livers and gizzards are very limited. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of and MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant ) in retail chicken livers and gizzards in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In this study, 156 chicken livers and 39 chicken gizzards samples of two brands were collected. While one of the brands showed very low prevalence of 1% (1/100) for in chicken livers and gizzards, the second brand showed prevalence of 37% (31/95). No MRSA was detected since none harbored the or gene. Eighty seven isolates from livers and 28 from gizzards were screened for antimicrobial resistance to 16 antimicrobials and the possession of 18 toxin genes. Resistance to most of the antimicrobials screened including cefoxitin and oxacillin was higher in the chicken gizzards isolates. While the prevalence of enterotoxin genes and was higher in the gizzards isolates, the prevalence of hemolysin genes , , and was higher in the livers ones. The lucocidin genes was equally prevalent in chicken livers and gizzards isolates. Using typing, a subset of the recovered isolates showed that they are not known to be livestock associated and, hence, may be of a human origin. In conclusion, this study stresses the importance of thorough cooking of chicken livers and gizzards since it might contain multidrug resistant enterotoxigenic . To our knowledge this is the first study to specifically investigate the prevalence of in chicken livers and gizzards in the US.
近期在欧洲和美国发生的几起涉及[具体病菌名称未给出]的疫情与食用鸡肝有关。对鸡肝和鸡胗中[具体病菌名称未给出]的研究非常有限。本研究的目的是确定俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨市零售鸡肝和鸡胗中[具体病菌名称未给出]和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的流行率、抗菌药物耐药性及毒力。在本研究中，收集了两个品牌的156份鸡肝和39份鸡胗样本。其中一个品牌的鸡肝和鸡胗中[具体病菌名称未给出]的流行率极低，为1%（1/100），而另一个品牌的流行率为37%（31/95）。未检测到MRSA，因为没有样本携带[具体基因名称未给出]或[具体基因名称未给出]基因。对从鸡肝中分离出的87株[具体病菌名称未给出]和从鸡胗中分离出的28株进行了16种抗菌药物的耐药性筛选以及18种毒素基因的检测。鸡胗分离株对包括头孢西丁和苯唑西林在内的大多数所筛选抗菌药物的耐药性更高。虽然鸡胗分离株中肠毒素基因[具体基因名称未给出]和[具体基因名称未给出]的流行率较高，但鸡肝分离株中溶血素基因[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]和[具体基因名称未给出]的流行率较高。杀白细胞素基因[具体基因名称未给出]在鸡肝和鸡胗分离株中的流行率相同。通过[具体分型方法未给出]分型，部分回收的分离株表明它们并非与家畜相关，因此可能来源于人类。总之，本研究强调了彻底烹饪鸡肝和鸡胗的重要性，因为它们可能含有多重耐药的产肠毒素[具体病菌名称未给出]。据我们所知，这是美国首次专门研究鸡肝和鸡胗中[具体病菌名称未给出]流行率的研究。
