Thwala Thembeka, Madoroba Evelyn, Maliehe Tsolanku S, Magwedere Kudakwashe, Basson Albert K, Butaye Patrick
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni 3886, South Africa.
Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 14;10(6):1211. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061211.
Annually, approximately 23,000 cases of food poisoning by enterotoxins are reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and characterize on beef and beef products in South Africa. Organ meats ( = 169), raw processed meat ( = 110), raw intact ( = 53), and ready-to-eat meats ( = 68) were obtained from 25 retail outlets. was isolated and enumerated according to the ISO 6888-1 method. Identification of the strains was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. The antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disc diffusion test. The presence of methicillin-resistance genes and the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR. Prevalence was low (13/400; CI 1.7-5) and all but one positive sample were from organ meats. Eight isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Two isolates carried the gene. All the isolates tested positive for , , , and , whilst 53.8% were positive for . None of the isolates was positive for , , , , or . The prevalence of was low, with organ meats being the most contaminated. The presence of -positive MRSA and of enterotoxins warrants further investigation and risk assessment.
全球每年报告约23000例由肠毒素引起的食物中毒病例。本研究的目的是确定南非牛肉及牛肉制品中肠毒素的存在情况并进行特征分析。从25个零售网点采集了脏器肉（n = 169）、生加工肉（n = 110）、生鲜整肉（n = 53）和即食肉（n = 68）。按照ISO 6888 - 1方法分离并计数。通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI - TOF MS）对菌株进行鉴定。使用纸片扩散法测定抗菌药物耐药性。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测耐甲氧西林基因和葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的存在情况。患病率较低（13/400；置信区间1.7 - 5），除一份阳性样本外，所有阳性样本均来自脏器肉。8株分离株对至少一种抗生素耐药。2株分离株携带[具体基因名称未给出]基因。所有检测的分离株对[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]和[具体基因名称未给出]检测均呈阳性，而53.8%对[具体基因名称未给出]呈阳性。没有分离株对[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]或[具体基因名称未给出]呈阳性。肠毒素的患病率较低，脏器肉污染最为严重。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）阳性和肠毒素的存在值得进一步调查和风险评估。
