Mayer Erik N, Lenherr Sara M, Hanson Heidi A, Jessop Terry C, Lowrance William T
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Urology. 2017 May;103:39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.12.064. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
To describe the publication productivity of academic urologists in the United States by gender.
Gender inequality is prevalent in most surgical subspecialties, including urology. Despite small numbers of women in academic positions, differences in scholarly impact by gender are relatively unknown. We assembled a list of 1922 academic urologists (1686 men (87.7%), 236 women (12.3%)) at 124 academic institutions throughout the United States as of February 2016. Scopus and Google Scholar were queried for bibliometric data on each individual, including h-index and m-quotient. We analyzed these metrics for both genders by educational background, subspecialty, National Institutes of Health funding, and academic rank.
Men had higher median h-indices than women overall (P < .05), and had higher successive academic ranks (P < .05). Proportionally fewer women attained senior academic ranking (professor/chair), (P < .05). There was no difference in research productivity by successive rank after controlling for career duration (m-quotient). Women were more likely to choose a practice that specialized in pediatric urology or female urology/pelvic reconstructive surgery than their male counterparts (P < .05).
Women represent a growing proportion of academic urology faculty, but despite the recent increase in number entering the field, relatively few women occupy senior leadership positions. Improving psychosocial barriers to advancement such as lack of mentorship or discriminatory policies may help pioneering female urologists as they progress in their careers.
按性别描述美国学术性泌尿外科医生的发表成果情况。
性别不平等在包括泌尿外科在内的大多数外科亚专业中普遍存在。尽管担任学术职位的女性人数较少，但性别在学术影响力方面的差异相对未知。截至2016年2月，我们汇总了美国124所学术机构中1922名学术性泌尿外科医生的名单（1686名男性（87.7%），236名女性（12.3%））。通过Scopus和谷歌学术查询每位医生的文献计量数据，包括h指数和m商数。我们按教育背景、亚专业、美国国立卫生研究院资金资助情况和学术职称对男女的这些指标进行了分析。
总体而言，男性的h指数中位数高于女性（P < 0.05），且拥有更高的连续学术职称（P < 0.05）。按比例计算，获得高级学术职称（教授/系主任）的女性较少（P < 0.05）。在控制职业生涯时长（m商数）后，连续职称的研究产出没有差异。与男性同行相比，女性更有可能选择专注于小儿泌尿外科或女性泌尿外科/盆腔重建手术的业务（P < 0.05）。
女性在学术性泌尿外科教员中所占比例不断增加，但尽管最近进入该领域的人数有所增加，但担任高级领导职位的女性相对较少。改善诸如缺乏导师指导或歧视性政策等阻碍职业发展的社会心理障碍，可能有助于开拓性的女性泌尿外科医生在职业生涯中取得进步。
