Takatsuji Hiroshi
Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba, Japan.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Feb 9;8:171. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00171. eCollection 2017.
Plants are sessile organisms that are continuously exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses. To cope with various stresses using limited resources, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms of "tradeoff" that enable the allocation of resources to address the most life-threatening stress. During our studies on induced disease resistance in rice, we have found some important phenomena relevant to tradeoffs between biotic and abiotic stress responses, and between stress response and plant growth. We characterized these tradeoff phenomena from viewpoints of signaling crosstalks associated with transcriptional regulation. Here, I describe following topics: (1) PTP1-dependent increased disease susceptibility of rice under low temperature and high salinity conditions, (2) OsNPR1-dependent tradeoff between pathogen defense and photosynthesis, (3) tradeoff between pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance in WRKY45-overexpressing rice plants, and (4) WRKY62-dependent tradeoff between pathogen defense and hypoxia tolerance. Lastly, I discuss my view regarding the significance of such tradeoffs in agricultural production that should be considered in crop breeding; that is, the tradeoffs, although they benefit plants in nature, can be rather disadvantageous in agricultural production.
植物是固着生物，不断受到各种环境胁迫。为了利用有限的资源应对各种胁迫，植物进化出了多种“权衡”机制，使资源得以分配，以应对最危及生命的胁迫。在我们对水稻诱导抗病性的研究中，我们发现了一些与生物和非生物胁迫反应之间以及胁迫反应与植物生长之间的权衡相关的重要现象。我们从与转录调控相关的信号转导角度对这些权衡现象进行了表征。在此，我描述以下主题：（1）低温和高盐条件下PTP1依赖的水稻感病性增加，（2）OsNPR1依赖的病原体防御与光合作用之间的权衡，（3）WRKY45过表达水稻植株中病原体防御与非生物胁迫耐受性之间的权衡，以及（4）WRKY62依赖的病原体防御与缺氧耐受性之间的权衡。最后，我讨论了我对这种权衡在农业生产中的意义的看法，即在作物育种中应该考虑到这一点；也就是说，这些权衡虽然在自然环境中对植物有益，但在农业生产中可能相当不利。
