北京肝移植受者的疲劳及其相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Fatigue and its associated factors in liver transplant recipients in Beijing: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Lin Xiao-Hong, Teng Sha, Wang Lu, Zhang Jing, Shang Ya-Bin, Liu Hong-Xia, Zang Yun-Jin
机构信息
School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
General Surgery Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2017 Feb 23;7(2):e011840. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011840.
OBJECTIVES
Fatigue is a highly prevalent symptom experienced by patients who underwent the liver transplantation. However, the influencing factors of fatigue are poorly understood by healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to examine the intensity, interference, duration and prevalence of fatigue in liver transplantation recipients and to explore the influencing factors of post-transplantation fatigue.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional design was used in this study.
METHODS
A convenience sample of liver transplant recipients was recruited at an outpatient transplant clinic of a general hospital in Beijing, China. Self-report survey data were provided by liver transplant recipients using the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Demographic, clinical and psychosocial parameters were evaluated as fatigue influencing factors.
RESULTS
Participants (n=285) included 69 women and 216 men. Fatigue was found in 87.0% of liver transplant recipients. Mean scores of fatigue intensity items were 4.47±2.85, 1.93±1.97, 3.15±2.13 and 2.73±2.42 (most fatigue, least fatigue, average fatigue in the week prior to assessment and fatigue at the point of assessment). The mean score of fatigue interference was 2.27±2.09.The number of days fatigued in the week prior to assessment was 2.26±2.02 and the amount of time fatigued each day was 2.75±2.44. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that fatigue intensity was positively associated with anxiety, depression and insomnia (p<0.001 for all), while fatigue interference was positively associated with gender, anxiety, depression and insomnia (p<0.05 for all). In the multiple linear regression analysis, anxiety and insomnia were positively associated with fatigue intensity (p<0.001), and insomnia, depression and anxiety were positively associated with fatigue interference (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Fatigue is common in liver transplant recipients, and it is strongly associated with insomnia, anxiety and depression.
目的
疲劳是肝移植患者中一种非常普遍的症状。然而，医护人员对疲劳的影响因素了解甚少。本研究的目的是调查肝移植受者疲劳的强度、干扰程度、持续时间和患病率，并探讨移植后疲劳的影响因素。
设计
本研究采用横断面设计。
方法
在中国北京一家综合医院的门诊移植诊所招募了肝移植受者的便利样本。肝移植受者使用疲劳症状量表（FSI）、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）和雅典失眠量表（AIS）提供自我报告调查数据。评估人口统计学、临床和心理社会参数作为疲劳影响因素。
结果
参与者（n = 285）包括69名女性和216名男性。87.0%的肝移植受者存在疲劳。疲劳强度项目的平均得分分别为4.47±2.85、1.93±1.97、3.15±2.13和2.73±2.42（最疲劳、最不疲劳、评估前一周的平均疲劳程度和评估时的疲劳程度）。疲劳干扰的平均得分为2.27±2.09。评估前一周疲劳的天数为2.26±2.02，每天疲劳的时间为2.75±2.44。Spearman相关性分析表明，疲劳强度与焦虑、抑郁和失眠呈正相关（均p<0.001），而疲劳干扰与性别、焦虑、抑郁和失眠呈正相关（均p<0.05）。在多元线性回归分析中，焦虑和失眠与疲劳强度呈正相关（p<0.001），失眠、抑郁和焦虑与疲劳干扰呈正相关（p<0.001）。
结论
疲劳在肝移植受者中很常见，并且与失眠、焦虑和抑郁密切相关。
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