Maestre Fernando T, Eldridge David J, Soliveres Santiago, Kéfi Sonia, Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel, Bowker Matthew A, García-Palacios Pablo, Gaitán Juan, Gallardo Antonio, Lázaro Roberto, Berdugo Miguel
Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain.
Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2016 Nov;47:215-237. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032311. Epub 2016 Aug 19.
Understanding how drylands respond to ongoing environmental change is extremely important for global sustainability. Here we review how biotic attributes, climate, grazing pressure, land cover change and nitrogen deposition affect the functioning of drylands at multiple spatial scales. Our synthesis highlights the importance of biotic attributes (e.g. species richness) in maintaining fundamental ecosystem processes such as primary productivity, illustrate how N deposition and grazing pressure are impacting ecosystem functioning in drylands worldwide, and highlight the importance of the traits of woody species as drivers of their expansion in former grasslands. We also emphasize the role of attributes such as species richness and abundance in controlling the responses of ecosystem functioning to climate change. This knowledge is essential to guide conservation and restoration efforts in drylands, as biotic attributes can be actively managed at the local scale to increase ecosystem resilience to global change.
了解旱地如何应对持续的环境变化对全球可持续发展极为重要。在此，我们综述了生物属性、气候、放牧压力、土地覆盖变化和氮沉降如何在多个空间尺度上影响旱地的功能。我们的综合分析强调了生物属性（如物种丰富度）在维持诸如初级生产力等基本生态系统过程中的重要性，阐明了氮沉降和放牧压力如何影响全球旱地的生态系统功能，并强调了木本物种的性状作为其在原草地扩张驱动力的重要性。我们还强调了物种丰富度和丰度等属性在控制生态系统功能对气候变化响应方面的作用。这些知识对于指导旱地的保护和恢复工作至关重要，因为生物属性可以在地方尺度上得到积极管理，以增强生态系统对全球变化的恢复力。
