Yasuda Masaaki, Stins John F, Higuchi Takahiro
Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Neurosci. 2017 Feb 10;11:57. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00057. eCollection 2017.
Evidence is increasing that brain areas that are responsible for action planning and execution are activated during the information processing of action-related verbs (e.g., or ). To obtain further evidence, we conducted three experiments to see if constraining arm posture, which could disturb the motor planning and imagery for that arm, would lead to delayed judgment of verbs referring to arm actions. In all experiments, native Japanese speakers judged as quickly as possible whether the presented object and the verb would be compatible (e.g., ) or not (e.g., ). Constrained arm posture was introduced to the task by asking participants to keep both hands behind their back. Two types of verbs were used: manual action verbs (i.e., verbs referring to actions performed on an object by a human hand) and non-manual action verbs. In contrast to our hypothesis that constrained arm posture would affect only the information processing of manual action verbs, the results showed delayed processing of both manual action and non-manual action verbs when the arm posture was constrained. The effect of constrained arm posture was observed even when participants responded with their voice, suggesting that the delayed judgment was not simply due to the difficulty of responding with the hand (i.e., basic motor interference). We discussed why, contrary to our hypothesis, constrained arm posture resulted in delayed CRTs regardless of the "manipulability" as symbolized by the verbs.
越来越多的证据表明，负责动作规划和执行的脑区在与动作相关动词（如“抓握”或“戳刺”）的信息处理过程中会被激活。为了获得进一步的证据，我们进行了三项实验，以探究限制手臂姿势（这可能会干扰该手臂的运动规划和想象）是否会导致对涉及手臂动作的动词的判断延迟。在所有实验中，以日语为母语的人要尽快判断所呈现的物体和动词是否匹配（例如“剪刀 - 剪”）或不匹配（例如“剪刀 - 踢”）。通过要求参与者将双手放在背后，将受限的手臂姿势引入任务中。使用了两种类型的动词：手动动作动词（即指人类手部对物体执行的动作的动词）和非手动动作动词。与我们的假设（即受限的手臂姿势只会影响手动动作动词的信息处理）相反，结果显示，当手臂姿势受限时，手动动作动词和非手动动作动词的处理都会延迟。即使参与者用声音做出反应，也观察到了受限手臂姿势的影响，这表明延迟判断不仅仅是由于用手做出反应的困难（即基本运动干扰）。我们讨论了为什么与我们的假设相反，受限的手臂姿势无论动词所象征的“可操作性”如何，都会导致反应时延迟。
