Stappenbeck Cynthia A, George William H, Staples Jennifer, Nguyen Hong, Davis Kelly Cue, Kaysen Debra, Heiman Julia R, Masters N Tatiana, Norris Jeanette, Danube Cinnamon L, Gilmore Amanda K, Kajumulo Kelly F
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington.
Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
Psychol Violence. 2016 Oct;6(4):586-595. doi: 10.1037/a0039978. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
Prior research on the effects of sexual trauma has examined dissociation but not emotional numbing during sex and has relied exclusively on retrospective surveys. The present experiment examined associations among distal factors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), adolescent/adult sexual assault (ASA), and trauma symptoms and the proximal factor of acute alcohol intoxication on in-the-moment dissociation, emotional numbing, and sexual risk intentions.
Young adult female drinkers ( = 436) at elevated sexual risk were randomized to receive alcohol (target peak breath alcohol concentration = .10%) or no alcohol. They then read an eroticized sexual scenario and reported on their dissociation and emotional numbing experiences, unprotected sex refusal self-efficacy, and unprotected sex intentions.
Path analysis revealed that CSA was indirectly associated with increased unprotected sex intentions through increased ASA severity, increased trauma-related symptoms, increased emotional numbing, and decreased unprotected sex refusal self-efficacy. Further, alcohol intoxication was indirectly associated with increased unprotected sex intentions through increased emotional numbing and decreased unprotected sex refusal self-efficacy.
Emotional numbing, but not dissociation, was associated with unprotected sex intentions and may be one potential target for interventions aimed at reducing HIV/STI-related risk among women with a history of sexual trauma.
先前关于性创伤影响的研究考察了分离现象，但未涉及性行为中的情感麻木，且完全依赖回顾性调查。本实验研究了儿童期性虐待（CSA）、青少年/成年期性侵犯（ASA）等远端因素与创伤症状以及急性酒精中毒这一近端因素之间的关联，以及它们对当下分离、情感麻木和性风险意图的影响。
将处于高性风险的年轻成年女性饮酒者（n = 436）随机分为两组，一组饮用酒精（目标呼气酒精浓度峰值 = 0.10%），另一组不饮酒。然后她们阅读一个带有情色内容的性场景，并报告自己的分离和情感麻木体验、无保护性行为拒绝自我效能感以及无保护性行为意图。
路径分析显示，CSA通过增加ASA严重程度、增加创伤相关症状、增加情感麻木以及降低无保护性行为拒绝自我效能感，间接与无保护性行为意图增加相关。此外，酒精中毒通过增加情感麻木和降低无保护性行为拒绝自我效能感，间接与无保护性行为意图增加相关。
情感麻木而非分离与无保护性行为意图相关，可能是针对有性创伤史女性降低HIV/性传播感染相关风险干预措施的一个潜在目标。
