Sandström E G, Kaplan J C
Department of Dermatology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
Drugs. 1987 Sep;34(3):372-90. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198734030-00004.
The rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and the grim outcome of these infections have focused interest on the possibilities for medical intervention. The end-stage of these infections, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was first recognised in 1981, and the causative agent isolated in 1983. Already several antiviral drugs have been investigated. One initially promising drug, suramin, was found to have a net harmful effect but another, zidovudine (azidothymidine) has been shown to prolong life in AIDS patients. The properties of these and several other antiviral drugs such as antimoniotungstate (HPA-23), foscarnet (phosphonoformate) ribavirin, dideoxynucleotides, and interferons, are reviewed. The role of immunomodulating modalities such as plasmapheresis, bone marrow transplantation, thymosin, interleukin-2, inosine pranobex (isoprinosine), and cyclosporin are also discussed. None of the currently available drugs hold promise as monotherapy. Through analysis of the experience with these drugs and the increasing knowledge of HIV pathogenesis, new drugs can be designed. It seems increasingly clear that drugs will eventually have to be used in combination in order to reduce toxicity, exploit therapeutic synergy, and reduce the risk of HIV resistance. The theoretical and experimental background for such combinations are currently being elucidated.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的迅速传播以及这些感染的严峻后果，引发了人们对医学干预可能性的关注。这些感染的终末期，即获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS），于1981年首次被认识，其病原体于1983年被分离出来。已经对几种抗病毒药物进行了研究。一种最初有前景的药物苏拉明，被发现有净有害作用，但另一种药物齐多夫定（叠氮胸苷）已被证明可延长艾滋病患者的生命。本文综述了这些药物以及其他几种抗病毒药物的特性，如抗锑钨酸盐（HPA - 23）、膦甲酸钠、利巴韦林、双脱氧核苷酸和干扰素。还讨论了免疫调节方法的作用，如血浆置换、骨髓移植、胸腺素、白细胞介素 - 2、异丙肌苷和环孢素。目前可用的药物作为单一疗法都没有前景。通过对这些药物经验的分析以及对HIV发病机制认识的不断增加，可以设计出新的药物。越来越明显的是，最终必须联合使用药物，以降低毒性、发挥治疗协同作用并降低HIV耐药风险。目前正在阐明这种联合用药的理论和实验背景。
