Crisol-Martínez Eduardo, Stanley Dragana, Geier Mark S, Hughes Robert J, Moore Robert J
School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 Jun;101(11):4547-4559. doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8193-9. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Unravelling the mechanisms of how antibiotics influence growth performance through changes in gut microbiota can lead to the identification of highly productive microbiota in animal production. Here we investigated the effect of zinc bacitracin and avilamycin on growth performance and caecal microbiota in chickens and analysed associations between individual bacteria and growth performance. Two trials were undertaken; each used 96 individually caged 15-day-old Cobb broilers. Trial 1 had a control group (n = 48) and a zinc bacitracin (50 ppm) treatment group (n = 48). Trial 2 had a control group (n = 48) and an avilamycin (15 ppm) treatment group (n = 48). Chicken growth performance was evaluated over a 10-day period, and caecal microbiota was characterised by sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Avilamycin produced no effect on growth performance and exhibited little significant disturbance of the microbiota structure. However, zinc bacitracin reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in treated birds, changed the composition and increased the diversity of their caecal microbiota by reducing dominant species. Avilamycin only produced minor reductions in the abundance of two microbial taxa, whereas zinc bacitracin produced relatively large shifts in a number of taxa, primarily Lactobacillus species. Also, a number of phylotypes closely related to lactobacilli species were positively or negatively correlated with FCR values, suggesting contrasting effects of Lactobacillus spp. on chicken growth performance. By harnessing such bacteria, it may be possible to develop high-productivity strategies in poultry that rely on the use of probiotics and less on in-feed antibiotics.
揭示抗生素如何通过改变肠道微生物群来影响生长性能的机制，有助于在动物生产中识别高产的微生物群。在此，我们研究了杆菌肽锌和阿维拉霉素对鸡生长性能和盲肠微生物群的影响，并分析了个体细菌与生长性能之间的关联。进行了两项试验；每项试验使用96只单独笼养的15日龄科宝肉鸡。试验1有一个对照组（n = 48）和一个杆菌肽锌（50 ppm）处理组（n = 48）。试验2有一个对照组（n = 48）和一个阿维拉霉素（15 ppm）处理组（n = 48）。在10天的时间内评估鸡的生长性能，并通过对细菌16S rRNA基因扩增子进行测序来表征盲肠微生物群。阿维拉霉素对生长性能没有影响，对微生物群结构的显著干扰也很小。然而，杆菌肽锌降低了处理组鸡的饲料转化率（FCR），通过减少优势菌种改变了盲肠微生物群的组成并增加了其多样性。阿维拉霉素仅使两个微生物分类群的丰度略有降低，而杆菌肽锌使许多分类群发生了相对较大的变化，主要是乳酸杆菌属菌种。此外，一些与乳酸杆菌属菌种密切相关的系统发育型与FCR值呈正相关或负相关，这表明乳酸杆菌属对鸡生长性能的影响存在差异。通过利用这些细菌，有可能在家禽中制定高产策略，这些策略依赖于使用益生菌而减少对饲料中抗生素的依赖。
