Siciliano R
Medical Physics Unit, Cosenza Hospital, Italy and Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Ann Ig. 2017 Mar-Apr;29(2):134-140. doi: 10.7416/ai.2017.2140.
Diagnostic radiology imaging is an essential tool for adequate clinical investigation of pathological processes and the drafting of a personalized therapy plan. However, in recent years, there has been a substantial increase of requests, mainly due to technological advances but also to social and cultural reasons, not always based on the principle of the diagnostic justification. The progress of recent years in the field of diagnostic radiology has made available to the physician a variety of sophisticated radiological examinations, which are not always used rationally and appropriately. The theme is of paramount importance, particularly in childhood or adolescence, characterized by elevated radiosensitivity (high cell turnover) and longer life expectancy; therefore, children exposed to ionizing radiation are theoretically subject to a higher risk of carcinogenesis compared to the general population. For these reasons the young patients should have greater protection and examinations must respect stringent appropriateness criteria. Far from underestimating the important diagnostic and therapeutic benefits that these procedures provide, the use of ionizing radiations must minimize the radiation-related risk in accordance with the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), key principle of modern radiation protection.
诊断放射影像学是对病理过程进行充分临床研究和制定个性化治疗方案的重要工具。然而，近年来，检查申请数量大幅增加，这主要归因于技术进步，但也有社会和文化方面的原因，而且并非总是基于诊断合理性原则。近年来诊断放射学领域的进展为医生提供了各种复杂的放射学检查方法，但这些方法并非总能得到合理、恰当的使用。这个问题至关重要，尤其在儿童期或青少年期，这两个时期的特点是放射敏感性高（细胞更新率高）且预期寿命较长；因此，与普通人群相比，接受电离辐射的儿童理论上患癌风险更高。出于这些原因，年轻患者应得到更大程度的保护，检查必须遵循严格的适宜性标准。在绝不低估这些检查所带来的重要诊断和治疗益处的同时，电离辐射的使用必须根据现代辐射防护的关键原则——“合理尽可能低”（ALARA）原则，将辐射相关风险降至最低。
