Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; email:
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2017 Feb 28;8:413-437. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-072816-024723.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins form adaptive immune systems that occur in many bacteria and most archaea. In addition to protecting bacteria from phages and other invasive mobile genetic elements, CRISPR-Cas molecular machines can be repurposed as tool kits for applications relevant to the food industry. A primary concern of the food industry has long been the proper management of food-related bacteria, with a focus on both enhancing the outcomes of beneficial microorganisms such as starter cultures and probiotics and limiting the presence of detrimental organisms such as pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. This review introduces CRISPR-Cas as a novel set of technologies to manage food bacteria and offers insights into CRISPR-Cas biology. It primarily focuses on the applications of CRISPR-Cas systems and tools in starter cultures and probiotics, encompassing strain-typing, phage resistance, plasmid vaccination, genome editing, and antimicrobial activity.
成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPRs）和 CRISPR 相关（Cas）蛋白形成适应性免疫系统，存在于许多细菌和大多数古菌中。除了保护细菌免受噬菌体和其他侵入性移动遗传元件的侵害外，CRISPR-Cas 分子机器还可以重新用作与食品工业相关应用的工具包。食品工业的一个主要关注点一直是对与食品相关的细菌进行妥善管理，重点是既要增强起始培养物和益生菌等有益微生物的效果，又要限制病原体和腐败微生物等有害生物的存在。本综述介绍了 CRISPR-Cas 作为一组管理食品细菌的新技术，并深入了解了 CRISPR-Cas 生物学。它主要侧重于 CRISPR-Cas 系统和工具在起始培养物和益生菌中的应用，包括菌株分型、噬菌体抗性、质粒疫苗接种、基因组编辑和抗菌活性。
