Sabra Sally, Gratacós Eduard, Gómez Roig Maria Dolores
BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017;41(4):241-250. doi: 10.1159/000457123. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
Perinatal maternal smoking exposure (PMSE) is one of the major environmental risk factors encountered by the fetus. PMSE is usually associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes that may manifest at different stages of life. Nevertheless, fetal growth restriction is the most common smoking-induced side effect. PMSE induces changes in the maternal multiple organ systems. These alterations may affect placentation, which subsequently affects fetal growth. It is worthy to note, however, that the extent of maternal smoking-induced changes depends mainly on the maternal level of susceptibility. Hence, the perinatal pregnancy outcomes vary depending on the interaction between the triad: the maternal, fetal, and placental modifications, making it more complex. In this review, we try to unveil the effect of smoking-induced maternal changes on the maternal immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways and their impact on fetal growth.
围产期母亲吸烟暴露（PMSE）是胎儿所面临的主要环境风险因素之一。PMSE通常与可能在生命不同阶段显现的不良妊娠结局相关。然而，胎儿生长受限是最常见的吸烟诱发副作用。PMSE会引起母亲多个器官系统的变化。这些改变可能影响胎盘形成，进而影响胎儿生长。然而，值得注意的是，母亲吸烟引起的变化程度主要取决于母亲的易感性水平。因此，围产期妊娠结局因母亲、胎儿和胎盘变化这三者之间的相互作用而有所不同，这使得情况更加复杂。在本综述中，我们试图揭示吸烟引起的母亲变化对母亲免疫、内分泌和代谢途径的影响及其对胎儿生长的影响。
