Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, Texas, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2022 Dec;17(12):e12967. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12967. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Early-life exposure to tobacco is associated with obesity, but the most susceptible developmental periods are unknown.
To explore windows of susceptibility in a cohort of 568 mother-child pairs.
We measured seven measures of tobacco exposure (five self-reported and two biomarkers) spanning from pre-conception to age 5 years. Mothers self-reported active smoking (pre-conception, 17 weeks, and delivery) and household smokers (5 and 18 months postnatally). Cotinine was measured in maternal urine (27 weeks) and child urine (5 years). Adiposity (fat mass percentage) was measured at birth and 5 years via air displacement plethysmography. Using a multiple informant approach, we tested whether adiposity (5 years) and changes in adiposity (from birth to 5 years) differed by the seven measures of tobacco exposure.
The associations may depend on timing. For example, only pre-conception (β = 3.1%; 95% CI: 1.0-5.1) and late gestation (β = 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.4-7.6) exposures influenced adiposity accretion from birth to 5 years (p for interaction = 0.01). Early infancy exposure was also associated with 1.7% higher adiposity at 5 years (95% CI: 0.1-3.2). Mid-pregnancy and early childhood exposures did not influence adiposity.
Pre-conception, late gestation, and early infancy exposures to tobacco may have the greatest impact on childhood adiposity.
儿童早期接触烟草与肥胖有关，但最易受影响的发育阶段尚不清楚。
在一个 568 对母婴队列中探索易感性窗口。
我们测量了从受孕前到 5 岁的七个烟草暴露指标（五个自我报告指标和两个生物标志物）。母亲自我报告了受孕前、17 周和分娩时的主动吸烟以及产后 5 个月和 18 个月的家庭吸烟情况。在母亲尿液（27 周）和儿童尿液（5 岁）中测量了可替宁。通过空气置换体积描记法，在出生时和 5 岁时测量了肥胖程度（体脂百分比）。我们采用多信息源方法，检验了七个烟草暴露指标（5 岁时的肥胖程度和从出生到 5 岁的肥胖程度变化）是否存在差异。
这些关联可能取决于时间。例如，只有受孕前（β=3.1%；95%CI：1.0-5.1）和妊娠晚期（β=4.0%；95%CI：0.4-7.6）暴露会影响从出生到 5 岁的肥胖积累（交互作用 p 值=0.01）。婴儿早期的暴露也与 5 岁时肥胖程度增加 1.7%有关（95%CI：0.1-3.2）。妊娠中期和幼儿期的暴露则不会影响肥胖程度。
受孕前、妊娠晚期和婴儿早期接触烟草可能对儿童肥胖程度影响最大。
