Elmadhooun Wadie M, Salah Elmuntasir Taha, Noor Sufian K, Bushara Sarra O, Ahmed Ekhlas O, Mustafa Hamdan, Sulaiman Amel A, Ahmed Mohamed H
Department of Pathology, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan.
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.
J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2017 Jan-Jun;8(1):114-118. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.198359.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children. The vague symptoms, the uncertain diagnostic tests and lack of adequate awareness among families all contributed in masking the actual prevalence of the disease. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of childhood TB in River Nile State (RNS), North Sudan.
All registered cases of TB aged 15 years and below, at the 13 management units in RNS during 3 years, 2011-2013 were included. The records included epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data.
Out of the 1221 total TB notified cases, children were 187 (15.3%); almost equally distributed across the 3 years of the study period. Males were 56.7%. Most of the cases (89.9%) were newly diagnosed; among them, pulmonary TB (PTB) constituted 61.5%. Sputum specimen was tested in 59.4% (111/187) of cases, and only 15.3% (17/111) of specimens were sputum smear positive for new cases. The cure rate was (76.5%), and the treatment success rate was (88.2%). The death rate was 6.1% among PTB cases and 5.6% among extra-pulmonary cases. All the 20 (10.7%) children tested for HIV were negative.
TB is under-reported in RNS and treatment outcomes are sub-optimal. Strategies to identify the active case-detection among children are recommended.
结核病是儿童发病和死亡的一个重要原因。症状不明确、诊断测试不确定以及家庭缺乏足够的认识，都导致了该病实际患病率被掩盖。本研究的目的是描述苏丹北部尼罗河州儿童结核病的流行病学情况。
纳入2011 - 2013年3年间尼罗河州13个管理单位登记的所有15岁及以下结核病病例。记录包括流行病学、临床和微生物学数据。
在总共1221例报告的结核病病例中，儿童有187例（15.3%）；在研究期间的3年中分布几乎相等。男性占56.7%。大多数病例（89.9%）是新诊断的；其中，肺结核（PTB）占61.5%。59.4%（111/187）的病例进行了痰标本检测，新病例中只有15.3%（17/111）的痰涂片呈阳性。治愈率为（76.5 %），治疗成功率为（88.2 %）。肺结核病例的死亡率为6.1%，肺外病例的死亡率为5.6%。所有接受艾滋病毒检测的20名（10.7%）儿童均为阴性。
尼罗河州结核病报告不足，治疗效果欠佳。建议采取策略在儿童中进行主动病例发现。
