Toi Cheryl S, Webb Cameron E, Haniotis John, Clancy John, Doggett Stephen L
Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 2;12(3):e0173105. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173105. eCollection 2017.
There are many gaps to be filled in our understanding of mosquito-borne viruses, their relationships with vectors and reservoir hosts, and the environmental drivers of seasonal activity. Stratford virus (STRV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus and has been isolated from mosquitoes and infected humans in Australia but little is known of its vector and reservoir host associations. A total of 43 isolates of STRV from mosquitoes collected in New South Wales between 1995 and 2013 was examined to determine the genetic diversity between virus isolates and their relationship with mosquito species. The virus was isolated from six mosquito species; Aedes aculeatus, Aedes alternans, Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes procax, Aedes vigilax, and Anopheles annulipes. While there were distinct differences in temporal and spatial activity of STRV, with peaks of activity in 2006, 2010 and 2013, a sequence homology of 95.9%-98.4% was found between isolates and the 1961 STRV prototype with 96.2%-100% identified among isolates. Temporal differences but no apparent nucleotide divergence by mosquito species or geographic location was evident. The result suggests the virus is geographically widespread in NSW (albeit only from coastal regions) and increased local STRV activity is likely to be driven by reservoir host factors and local environmental conditions influencing vector abundance. While STRV may not currently be associated with major outbreaks of human disease, with the potential for urbanisation and climate change to increase mosquito-borne disease risks, and the possibility of genomic changes which could produce pathogenic strains, understanding the drivers of STRV activity may assist the development of strategic response to public health risks posed by zoonotic flaviviruses in Australia.
在我们对蚊媒病毒、它们与病媒和储存宿主的关系以及季节性活动的环境驱动因素的理解方面，仍有许多空白需要填补。斯特拉特福病毒（STRV）属于黄病毒属，已在澳大利亚从蚊子和受感染的人类中分离出来，但对其病媒和储存宿主关联知之甚少。对1995年至2013年间在新南威尔士州收集的43株来自蚊子的STRV分离株进行了检测，以确定病毒分离株之间的遗传多样性及其与蚊种的关系。该病毒从六种蚊子中分离出来，分别是尖音伊蚊、交替伊蚊、饰纹伊蚊、前凹伊蚊、警觉伊蚊和环纹按蚊。虽然STRV在时间和空间活动上存在明显差异，活动高峰出现在2006年、2010年和2013年，但分离株与1961年STRV原型之间的序列同源性为95.9%-98.4%，分离株之间的同源性为96.2%-100%。存在时间差异，但按蚊种或地理位置没有明显的核苷酸差异。结果表明，该病毒在新南威尔士州广泛分布（尽管仅来自沿海地区），当地STRV活动增加可能是由储存宿主因素和影响病媒数量的当地环境条件驱动的。虽然STRV目前可能与人类疾病的重大暴发无关，但随着城市化和气候变化可能增加蚊媒疾病风险，以及基因组变化可能产生致病菌株的可能性，了解STRV活动的驱动因素可能有助于制定应对澳大利亚人畜共患黄病毒带来的公共卫生风险的战略对策。
